以首層語法探究現代漢語動後「在＋處所詞」短語

A First-phase Approach to Post-verbal Locative Zai Phrases in Mandarin

林世玹(Shih-Hsuan Lin)

指導教授 ： 羅麗蓓

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/外國語文學系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2013.00118

摘要

本文以現代漢語動後「在+處所詞」為研究對象，目的在提出一套統整的理論，解釋其句法結構以及意義構成之間的關係。
本文利用Ramchand (2008) 的首層語法，推演漢語中「在+處所詞」在動後位置如何參與事件組成。此理論中將事件組成分為三大次事件：起始 (Initiation)、過程(Process)、以及結果(Result)，其中路徑詞(PathP)僅能作為過程次事件的補語，處所詞(PlaceP)則作為結果次事件的補語。有鑒於此理論中事件趨向意義的衍生方式，可由路徑詞隱含的過程終點或是以處所詞為補語的結果次事件與過程次事件的連動關係表達，本文主張「在+處所詞」短語在動後位置的趨向意義乃由結構所賦予，其處所意義則表現於描述事件結束後由結果隱含的持續狀態。藉由首層語法中對於非限制關聯的路徑詞(Unbounded Path)的描述，本文更進一步推論動後「在+處所詞」短語可作為此類路徑詞，以表達與事件過程間更緊密的關係。
本文的結論是，「在+處所詞」在動後位置可能具有的語法功能為：作為結果補語並傳達趨向意義、作為結果補語描述結果狀態的持續，或是作為無界事件的非限制路徑詞。以首層語法作為本文的理論架構後也發現，首層語法中對於路徑(Path)以及處所(Place)的定義需要重新審視，才能夠更清楚的描述動後處所詞的意義，並且提供更完整的分類。而探討過動後處所詞的現象後，也發現漢語動後處所詞描述結果狀態持續的意義，是漢語獨有的語法功能，並非僅限於動後處所詞。

關鍵字

「在+處所詞」 ； 趨向意義 ； 處所意義 ； 現代漢語 ； 首層語法 ； 路徑詞 ； 處所詞

並列摘要

In the literature, many works have conducted discussions on the syntactic constraints and interpretations of post-verbal locative zai phrases (Zhu (1981), Shao (1982), Li & Thompson (1982), Sybesma (1999), Chirkova & Lamarre (2005), Liu (2009)). However, no explanations have yet been made as to how a post-verbal zai phrase receives a directional reading despite its intrinsic existential/locative meaning. This research adopts Ramchand’s (2008) first-phase syntax, demonstrating how the encoding of the directional meaning is syntactically manifested.
In Ramchand (2008), verbs can be decomposed into three major components that make up the structure—initiation, process, and result. The initiation component hosts the trigger or the initiator of the process, which is the core component of the structure. It can in turn take a result component as complement or a PATH, an element that holds homomorphism relation to the verb. Note that if the PATH specifies the final location of the transition, then it renders the event telic and will thus be bounded; otherwise the PATH should be unbounded. The culminated point that yields telicity can also be represented by a result subevent which depicts the endpoint of the process of the event.
Examined under the notion of first-phase syntax introduced above, I propose that the locative reading of the post-verbal locative zai phrases can have two origins: one is when the post-verbal locative zai phrases realize as the PATH tracking the progress of the action; the other one is when they represent the state introduced by the result component. However, the post-verbal locative zai phrases can also receive a directional reading being the complement of the result component which delimits the process of the event.
In conclusion, this thesis shows that the post-verbal zai-phrase being the complement XP of the result component can have either a directional reading or a locative reading. Moreover, our analysis predicts that zai-phrases being the complement PathP of the process component can never receive a directional reading. Thus, the directional reading of post-verbal zai-phrases can only be derived from a complex event structure with a result subevent.

並列關鍵字

post-verbal zai-phrases ； directional ； locative ； first-phase syntax ； path ； result

參考文獻

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