貧窮兒童的社會排除經驗─以兒童中心取向探討之

The social exclusion experience of children in poverty – A study adopting child-centered approach.

陳韻雯(Yun-Wen Chen)

指導教授 ： 吳書昀

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2012.00108

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解貧窮兒童的社會排除經驗，以及貧窮兒童對於其不利處境的感受。本研究採質性研究之方法，運用深度訪談做為資料蒐集的方式。在樣本的選取標準上，本研究採立意取樣法作為研究樣本的選擇方式，選擇條件有二：1. 生活於符合台灣官方定義之低收入戶之兒童或領有中低收入兒童少年生活扶助之兒童。2.十二歲以下之兒童，但考量到其表達能力，因此以六歲以上的兒童為優先訪談的對象。
本研究共訪談了八位貧窮兒童，研究結果發現整理如下：
一、社會排除是一個同時存在於成人與兒童生活世界中的社會現象。
二、社會排除是多面向的，在成人與兒童世界中有同有異。在兒童的經驗中，社會排除展現在其基本生活需求、不良的健康、缺乏個人獨立的空間缺乏權力，缺乏表意權、以及無法享有快樂童年等面向中。
三、兒童的社會排除是動態的過程也具有累加性(環環相扣)。
四、透過訪談同意書的演變、提高訪談場域的敏銳度以及訪談方式的改變來實踐兒童中心取向。
研究者依據上述研究發現進行討論，並提出結論與建議，以作為相關實務工作者與未來學術研究之參考依據。

關鍵字

貧窮兒童 ； 社會排除 ； 兒童中心取向

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the social exclusion experience of children in poverty and how they feel about and deal with such adversities. To that end, this study is based on qualitative research where data is collected through a series of in-depth interviews. Moreover, subjects for this study are selected through purposeful sampling, with the following criteria:

1. Children who either belong to low-income households as officially classified by the Taiwanese government or are currently receiving mid/low-income supports.
2. Children who are under twelve years of age (with those older than six being considered for interviews first because they are able to express themselves better).

As a result, a total of eight children in poverty have been interviewed, with the major findings being the following:

1. Social exclusion is a phenomenon not limited to just children but also applies to adults as well.
2. Social exclusion is a multifaceted issue, with important similarities and differences depending on whether it applies to adults or children; more specifically, for children, social exclusion manifests itself through a lack of some of the most basic needs for living, such as health, private space, power/control, freedom of expression, and thus resulting in an unhappy childhood.
3. The social exclusion experience of children in poverty is a dynamic, cumulative process.
4. A more child-centered approach to this study may be achieved through the modification of the letter of consent to interview, the increase in researcher's sensitivity, and the evolution of the actual interview process itself.

Based on the results of this study, the researcher discusses and offers some suggestions here as the basis for further academic research by other scholars.

並列關鍵字

children in poverty ； social exclusion ； child-centered approach

參考文獻

一、中文文獻：

王永慈(2001)。「社會排除」：貧窮概念的再詮釋。社區發展季刊，95：72-84。

王永慈(2005)。台灣的貧窮問題：相關研究的檢視。臺大社工學刊，10，1-54。

王雲東、楊培珊、黃竹萱(2007)。台灣地區年長榮民生活照顧與婚姻狀況的研

究─社會排除觀點的初探。東吳社會工作學報，17，33-64。