從「義民」到「擺夷」？：清境義民人群之認同內涵與變遷

From ‘Veterans’ to ‘Pai-yi’？：The Content and Change of Identity among Veterans in Chingjing

吳秀雀(Hsiu-Chueh Wu)

指導教授 ： 邱韻芳

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/人類學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/NCNU.2012.00117

摘要

本研究以1961年於中國西南邊區撤回台灣後，安置於清境農場之義民人群及其後裔為研究對象。清境義民人群歷經戰爭、戰後農場安置期、回歸地方行政體系與重返家鄉等多重經歷。首先，離散故事不僅成了第一代長輩們的集體記憶，同時，也間接傳承給下一代，並成為人群之認同意識，只是，彼此對於離散記憶的認同隱藏著不同層次的內涵與意義。
其次，人群於日常生活之語言、食物、宗教等方面的文化特色正為義民人群的象徵符號，強烈標示出「我們義民」、「我們雲南人」、「我們擺夷人」和「我們緬甸人」等多重的族群認同樣貌。尤其顯明的飲食文化內涵保存了清境義民人群個人或群體的記憶過往，是一種生活中的樂趣，是人群間的認同標誌，也是維持族群的邊界。
再者，義民人群擁有私有土地後，因土地買賣造成外來移民與資本的進駐，使得民間觀光業熱絡形成。面對生計日益競爭的態勢下，義民後裔急欲尋求各種資源，重新整合與詮釋自己的歷史與文化，並積極建構「擺夷文化」、「火把節」、「異域歷史」以作為適應社會變遷的一種生存機制。

關鍵字

義民人群 ； 離散認同 ； 文化展演 ； 族群邊界

並列摘要

This study is based on veterans and their descendants withdrew from the Chinese southwestern border to Taiwan Chingjing farm in 1961. The Veterans have gone through multiple experiences : the war, the postwar farm placement, returning to the local administration system and returning to the hometown and so on. All these diaspora stories, first, not only have become the collective memories of the first generation, they are also , indirectly inherited by the next generation and form the people identification.
Besides, their cultural characteristics symbolize the people’s emblem, present in language, food, religion and so on, strongly indicating multiple appearances of their ethnic identity such as “we veterans”, “we people of Yunnan”, “we people of Bai-yi ” and “we Burmese”. The especial vividness of its dieting culture that preserves Chingjing veterans’ memories in the past individually or collectively is a pleasure in life, recognition in identification among them, and a way of maintaining the ethnic boundaries as well.

Furthermore, after veterans owning their private land properties, the outside capital and immigrants were attracted to the Chingjing farm through land property sales and prompted the local tourism industry. Under the increasing competition facing the livelihood, the veterans’ descendants are anxiously seeking all kinds of resources to re-integrate and interpret their history and culture as a survival mechanism adapting to social change.

並列關鍵字

veterans ； diasporic identities ； cultural performance ； ethnic boundaries

參考文獻

參考書目

一、中文文獻

尹光保

2008 地方型非營利組織在觀光產業發展中所扮演的角色功能、困境及其優勢：以清境觀光發展促進會為例。國立暨南國際大學公共行政與政策學系研究所碩士論文。

王明珂