學「做」農：以埔里穀笠合作社為例試論新農的身份認同與社群性

Learning to Do Farming: Exploring the Identity and Sociality of New Farmers by the Case of Gu-Li Cooperative in Puli

吳宗澤(Chung-Che Wu)

指導教授 ： 容邵武

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/東南亞學系人類學碩士班/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/ncnu201900199

摘要

近年台灣開始出現一波青年返鄉，從都市回到農村重新務農。當台灣農村面臨從農人口高齡化、青年人口不斷外移到都市發展、農地上農舍工廠林立的情況下實屬反常。面對這群返鄉務農的年輕人，學界將其放在「新農」的討論中，並以「農藝復興」的概念來指涉台灣這波的新農浪潮。然引起筆者關注的是，這群年輕人返鄉務農，是如何開始意識到自己成為農民的，筆者嘗試從這樣的角度切入探討新農的身分認同，並以南投埔里的穀笠合作社和其展開的新農社群為例，說明新農是如何透過實作的方式，來建構自身的農民認同，這背後牽涉到新農對務農相關的默會知識和技術的掌握，其次是新農的身分認同是否有別傳統的農民，其差異何在，背後反應出新農和老農之間在價值觀上的差異。相同理念的新農透過「放伴」的方式凝聚成為新農社群，而透過社群的連結，跳脫原有農村中地緣、血緣在社會網絡的限制，形成一互助互惠的新農社群，透過社群的互惠累積新農的社會資本，也可以觀察到新農在行動過程中累積不同的資本。筆者認為新農的「新」有其當時社會脈絡的創新，透過新農的認同所凝聚的社群的探討，能豐富我們對當代新農民的理解和掌握。

關鍵字

默會知識 ； 身份認同 ； 社群性 ； 新農 ； 穀笠合作社

並列摘要

There is an emerging migration of the youth from the cities to the rural areas in contemporary Taiwan. This is unusual while in the rural areas the elderly population is getting larger, most of the young people are moving to the cities, and the factories are spreading out the paddy fields. Scholars see these young migrants as ‘new farmers,’ and some of them have coined a term called ‘Agricultural Renaissance.’ The main concern in this thesis is how these young migrants, or ‘new farmers,’ are regarded themselves as ‘farmers.’ The author focuses on the problem of self-identity, elaborating the cases of Puli Gu-Li Cooperative and its ‘new-farmer community’, and showing how they establish their farmer-identity through everyday practices, how they learn the tacit knowledge and technology regarding farming, and the differences between these new farmers and the conventional farmers. It is found that the ‘new-farmer community’ could be built in the process of ‘reciprocity’ (fang ban) among them, and this community could help these new farmers accumulate their various ‘capitals,’ such as social capital and cultural capital, beyond the boundaries of existed ties such as descent and locality. Overall, it is suggested that one should situate these ‘new farmers’ as well as their practices in their social and cultural context to unpack the emerging ‘new-farmer movement.’

並列關鍵字

Tacit Knowledge ； Identity ； Sociality ； New Farmers ； Gu-Li Cooperative

參考文獻

一、英文文獻

1995，〈“The Vezo Are Not a Kind of People”: Identity, Difference, and “Ethnicity” among a Fishing People of Western Madagascar〉。American Ethnologist。22(3)：p.464-482。

Dilthey,Wilhelm

1977，〈The Understanding of Other Persons and Their Expressions of Life〉。《Descriptive psychology and historical understanding》。Ｍartinus Nijhoff：The Hague。P.121-139

Douglas,Marry