探討跨專業團隊成員對於社工功能認知之研究─以老人福利機構為例

本研究旨在探討跨專業團隊成員對於社工功能認知的關聯性─以老人福利機構為例。本研究採量化自填問卷調查方式，針對154位參與機構跨專業團隊成員進行統計方法資料分析，以了解跨專業合作面向及影響社工功能認知的相關因素，再由階層迴歸逐步分析各變項在社工功能認知的解釋力，另透過質性訪談輔助，選取4位專業人員面訪，藉此佐證社工專業角色及其功能。本研究結果發現：(1)在基本資料中，跨專業團隊成員的職務類別對於跨專業合作面向之個人特性、專業角色、組織特性、合作經驗及社工功能認知有顯著相關，其中職務類別為院長(主任)在跨專業合作的4個面向和社工功能認知皆良好。(2)跨專業合作的4個面向，分別與社工功能認知呈現正相關，當跨專業團隊成員的個人特性、專業角色、組織特性、合作經驗越好，亦即社工功能認知越佳。(3)預測社工功能認知的重要因素為職務類別、個人特性、專業角色、合作經驗等變項，又以個人特性產生解釋力最大，經階層迴歸逐步分析，整體模型解釋變異量為56.9%。最後，依據研究結果提出三方面建議：(1)政策面重視老人機構式照顧服務政策、評鑑型態落實跨專業合作的初衷、修正老人福利機構社工人員配置相關法規。(2)實務面跨專業團隊管理透明化、培養跨專業團隊精神、機構舉辦非正式聚會、承辦跨專業在職訓練。(3)學術面致力於社工功能認知的研究工具、攸關跨專業團隊合作研究、投入老人機構式照顧服務研究。期盼未來供相關單位推動跨專業團隊合作及提升社工的能見度。

關鍵字

老人福利機構；跨專業團隊成員；跨專業合作；社工功能認知

並列摘要

This paper studies elderly welfare institutions to discuss how interprofessional team members relate to cognitions toward social workers' function. The study distributed a quantifiable self-administered questionnaire to collect responses from 154 participating interprofessional team members for statistics and data analysis. The aim was to understand the aspects of interdisciplinary collaboration and identify relevant factors that relate to cognition toward social workers' function. The results were then further processed through hierarchical regression analysis to distinguish the interpretative power of each variable regarding social workers' function. The study also included an auxiliary approach conducting qualitative interviews. Four professional members were chosen to respond to questions concerning the role and function of the social worker as a profession. This study found the following results: 1. The job categories of the surveyed interprofessional team members have a positive correlation with personal characteristics, professional role, organizational characteristics, collaborative experience, and social workers' function. In particular, the job category of a director or chief executive performed well in the four interdisciplinary aspects as well as cognitions towards social workers' function. 2. The four aspects of interdisciplinary collaboration have a positive correlation with cognitions toward social workers' function. The better interprofessional team members perform concerning personal characteristics, professional role, organizational characteristics, collaborative experience, the better their cognitions toward social workers' function. 3. Important factors in predicting cognitions toward social workers' function include variables such as job category, personal characteristics, professional role, and collaborative experience, with personal characteristics having the highest explanatory power. Based on the results of the hierarchical regression analysis, the total variance explained by the model is 56.9%. Lastly, this paper gives three recommendations based on the study results: 1. As a matter of policy, there ought to be more emphasis on elderly welfare institutions to improve care and service; modes of evaluation need to adhere to the principles of interprofessional collaboration; laws and regulations on the distribution of social workers among elderly welfare institutions ought to be amended. 2. As a matter of pragmatics, interprofessional team management needs more transparency; interprofessional teamwork needs fostering; institutions need to organize non-official gatherings and host on-the-job professional training. 3. As a matter of academics, there needs to be more research on cognitions toward social workers' function, interprofessional team collaboration, and providing care and service through elderly welfare institution. There is hope that relevant institutions would promote interprofessional team collaboration and increase the visibility of social work.