以系統動態學探討非營利組織之永續經營模式-以埔里長青村與布農部落為例

外界的捐款或補助是大多數非營利組織的重要財務來源，然而民眾捐款與政府的福利預算會受到景氣波動的影響而波動，再者隨著越來越多新成立的非營利組織來爭取這項有限的資源，在資源不足時，非營利組織將無法運作或透過目標侵蝕的作法來維持營運，而導致共同的悲劇。不過在社會中，我們仍可以發現有些非營利組織能以一個低依賴性、低社會成本而內部卻有高滿意度的模式運作著。為了探討這些成功案例用了什麼策略，以及內部做了哪些設計方能達到如此效果，本研究選定南投埔里長青村與台東布農文教基金會作為個案研究對象，進行相關分析與探討。非營利組織的經營模式十分複雜，牽涉眾多因果回饋關係；而系統動態學在過去的研究上顯示很適合用來探討此類因果關係。本研究以系統動態學為方法，釐清系統行為與內在機制間的因果關係，並整理出兩個個案達到耗用低社會成本、內部高滿意度之質性因果環路經營模式。本研究並就因果環路模式找出關鍵設計所在，以提供未來非營利組織在經營模式策略制定上的思考。

關鍵字

非營利組織；系統動態學；長青村；布農部落；老人照護；文化產業

並列摘要

Donations and government grants are important financial sources of non-profit organizations. However, the supply of external support are instable due to the impact of economy fluctuations. Moreover, as more and more newly established non-profit organizations fighting for the limited resources, the non-profit organizations will collapse or may erode their mission to maintain operations, which may led to a “common tragedy” result. But in the practice, we still can find some non-profit organizations operating in a low dependence, low social cost, and high satisfaction situation. To explore the strategies of these success stories, as well as their internal designs to achieve such results, this study selected the Pu-Li Senior Village, and the Bunun Tribe as the case study targets. Business models of non-profit organizations are complex, dynamic, and involve numerous causal related factors and feedback relations. This study used system dynamics to identify the causal relationships between the system behavior and the internal mechanism which contributes to the efficient and self-sustained operation of that organization. A qualitative causal loop diagram is constructed to illustrate the business model for each organization, and the key designs and their implications in building a self-sustaining business model are also discussed.