基於 WebXR 之沉浸式虛擬實境線上藝廊的設計與實作

疫情的爆發導致了許多實體展覽轉為線上化，一般大眾可以透過線上展覽來觀賞藝術。然而，目前線上展覽仍有很多挑戰需要克服。多數的虛擬展館只提供簡單的展品介紹的功能，也缺少人際互動交流，所以無法讓觀賞者有如同參觀實體展覽般的臨場感，也使得觀賞者容易缺乏專注力。此外，新穎的虛擬技術和網頁技術，以及因應不同策展主題而重複建置的 3D 展場空間，對策展機構來說均是一筆額外的開銷。本研究設計與實作了一個線上藝廊平台，分別從「觀賞者介面」與「管理者介面」來提供觀賞者多元豐富的體驗與管理者彈性化管理的功能。管理者透過「管理者介面」可以紀錄藝術家、藝術品與展期資訊，並管理各展期所要展示的畫作與建立動態畫作，還能因應策展主題的不同，快速地更換線上藝廊該展期的畫作內容。而「觀賞者介面」則是提供觀賞者網頁 3D 和虛擬實境(Virtual Reality)的兩種體驗模式。本研究並且以「暨大印象」為此次的策展主題，與盧安藝術文化有限公司合作，在線上藝廊平台中展出孫少英畫家，以及暨南大學資管系姜美玲老師所繪與暨大風景相關的傳統靜態 2D 畫作。此外，本研究還將靜態 2D 畫作進行二次創作，並結合多媒體技術，以 2D 與 3D 動態畫作等多元感官體驗的方式展示於藝廊中，來增加觀眾的沉浸感、臨場感與專注度。本研究並以問卷調查的方式來進行系統評估，實驗結果顯示以虛擬實境搭配網頁 3D 的體驗模式，以及動態畫作的展示等均能讓觀賞者對展覽的內容更加印象深刻，願意花更多時間來欣賞畫作，並且當此線上藝廊平台推出不同策展主題時會想再次體驗。而管理者則認為展期管理功能的設計能讓他們更彈性化的管理當前與歷次展期，以及規劃未來展期資訊。

關鍵字

虛擬實境；線上展覽；虛擬展館； WebXR ； 3D 建模

並列摘要

The epidemic outbreak has caused many physical exhibitions to turn online, and the populace can visit the exhibition online to appreciate the art. However, there are still many challenges to overcome for online exhibitions. For example, most virtual exhibitions only provide simple introductions for exhibits and lack human interaction. So virtual exhibition cannot give the audience a sense of presence like visiting a physical exhibition, making them lack focus easily. In addition, novel virtual technologies, Web technologies, and 3D exhibition spaces for different curatorial themes are additional costs for curatorial organizations. We have designed and implemented an online gallery platform in this study, which provides diverse and rich experiences for audiences and flexible management functions for gallery administrators. This platform consists of two interfaces, which are Front-End and Back-End. Through the Back-End interface, gallery administrators can record information about artists, artworks, and exhibition periods. They also can manage the paintings displayed in each exhibition period and create dynamic paintings. Besides, gallery administrators can quickly change the content of the paintings in the exhibition period of the online gallery according to the different curatorial themes. Through the Front-End interface, viewers can choose 3D Websites or Virtual Reality to experience the gallery. We use “The Impression of NCNU” as the curatorial theme and cooperate with Luan Art Co., Ltd to display the paintings by Shao-Ying Sun in our online gallery. Together, there are also Mei-Ling Chiang Professor’s traditional static 2D paintings depicting the landscape of NCNU displayed in the online gallery. In addition, the online gallery also displays 2D and 3D dynamic paintings, which recreate static 2D paintings and combine with multimedia technology to increase the audience's sense of immersion, presence, and concentration in this study. In this study, we use questionnaire surveys to conduct the system evaluation. The experimental results showed that the experience modes combining virtual reality with 3D Websites and the display of dynamic paintings could make viewers more impressed by the exhibition and make them willing to spend more time appreciating the paintings. Viewers will want to experience them again when this online gallery platform launches different curatorial themes. Gallery managers believe that the design of the exhibition management function allows them to manage the current and past exhibitions more flexibly, as well as plan information about future exhibitions.

並列關鍵字

Virtual Reality ； Online Exhibition ； Virtual Exhibition ； WebXR ； 3D Modeling

參考文獻

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