農村社區永續發展之研究-以社區資產觀點分析

農村永續發展的議題囊括了農村整體的生活環境、社會文化、經濟發展等，其中以社區發展與社區營造的面向最受到重視的。社區工作所聚焦的是在具體願景與行動策略相輔相成的推動下來產生持續綜效。然而，不同區域的地方資源與人力條件不盡相同，該如何規劃符合社區願景的永續發展？已成為社造運動討論的重要課題。為此，本研究從社區營造、社區資產、社區永續發展的角度來探討，就其中各項資源與發展推動的關聯性，探討促使社區能永續發展的因素。透過社區資產觀點來檢視選定之社區，分析其營造的現況，探悉發展進程中面臨的困境與契機，提出農村社區永續發展策略上的建議。本研究發現社區發展能否啟動的首要因素，在於社區內需要有人願意率先領導來推動發展，透過持續的溝通與宣導，提高社區志工參與的意願，並適時尋求外部資源的投入，配合政府政策資源協助等；包括民間基金會、中央政府、地方政府等專案資源、並針對社區發展上各項相關議題進行多方討論。農村社區在永續發展目標的前提下，應就其資源條件與內容、自然環境與人文現況進行盤點與規劃，找出適合該農村社區發展的總體策略。對於推動農村發展上的各項建設，無論軟硬體或新文化與活動的植入，也必須符合農村本身的文化、及各社區的特色條件與發展需求，方能契合農村社區的永續發展。依據研究結果，本研究從政策面與實務面提出農村社區永續發展相對應的策略及相關建議。政策面包括：(1)從政治資本的影響力，內觀財務與物質資本的對應、(2)規劃與支持社區人力資本的培育；實務面包括：(1)運用物質、環境、文化資本的基礎，使社區營造工作融入日常生活、(2)導入團隊運作的方法，有利於人力資本的維持、提昇與拓展、(3)健全社區組織的運作機制、(4)形成社會網絡的動員及提昇其能力。

關鍵字

農村社區；永續發展；以資產為基礎的社區發展

並列摘要

The topics on sustainable development of rural communities include the overall living environment, social culture, and economy in the countryside, and among which, the issues of community development and construction are the most important. All community works must focus on producing a sustained and comprehensive development, driven by the complementarity of specific visions and action strategies. However, local and labor resources varied with regions, which will require different planning of a sustainable development in line with the community's vision. This trend of community development has become an important topic of discussion in the social reform movement. Therefore, this study would explore these issues from the perspective of community construction, community assets, and community’s sustainability of development, exploring on the relevance between resources and the promotion of development, which would also include investigating various factors of a sustainable community development. In the study, selected communities were examined through their assets, from which their current situation of development would be analyzed to provide clues on both the difficulties and opportunities faced in the development process; thus, in the end, suggestions might be recommended for a sustainable development strategy for rural communities. This study found that the primary factor to initiate community development is the will of some local residents to take the lead in pushing forward the plan, where they must persuade by continuous communication and presentation of information to encourage more volunteers to participate and rolling out publicity programs in a timely manner to seek out external resources, such as from subsidies from established government policies, as well as other project resources from private foundations, central government, local government and other sectors, where all might engage in multi-party discussion on various related issues in community development. Under the premise of achieving a sustainable development, a rural community should conduct a check on their inventory of assets and plan accordingly on their resources and condition, natural environment and culture, in order to draft the most appropriate and comprehensive strategy for the development of their community. In terms of various constructions in community development, regardless of installing either hardware/software or introducing new culture and activities, these proposals must conform with the community’s own cultural basis, in match with their uniqueness and development needs to achieve a true sustainable development of such rural community. Based on the results and analyses, this study provides corresponding strategies and relevant suggestions for the sustainable development of rural communities from the practical and policy aspects. Policy-wise, they might involve: (1) the influence of political capital on the correspondence between community’s internal finance and physical capital; and (2) the planning and support of cultivating the community’s human capital. As for the practical aspect, they would require: (1) the basis of using materials, the environment and cultural capital to be seamlessly incorporated into the community’s daily life of development; (2) the introduction of teamwork to positively maintain, elevate and even expand the capacity of human capital; (3) improving the operation and organization of the community; and (4) mobilizing social networks to further enhance the development capacity.