聽障與我─慣用口語的聽覺障礙者之障礙經驗探討

聽覺障礙者在主流社會因為自身的障礙所出現的困境以及經驗，分享對自身障礙的認同有不同想法。而研究者本身為聽覺障礙者，藉由在相同群體的觀點去詮釋他們對障礙經驗的思維。本研究依據Kannapell(1994)對於聽覺障礙者的認同所發展的理論，分為個人、語言、社會認同擬定研究架構以及問題意識。透過訪談的方式作為資料蒐集，邀請六位參與者分享對於障礙經驗的看法，且敘說分析理解六位參與者所呈現的經驗主題，以回應研究目的。在研究結果發現，首先對於理解自身的障礙想法，雖然聽覺障礙的定義是由社會所賦予一個標準，可是在不同的聽覺障礙者會有不同的意義存在，因此所詮釋視角需要以人為看待，理解個人的想法。二為針對不同語言(口語、手語)選擇的意涵來看，口語的選擇因為受限在主流社會當中，因此不得不去被動接受口語進行交流，也同時是雙方都可以接受的方式，而在手語的部分，在社會視為一種聾人、弱勢和非主流的價值，自然就不會是優先作為語言交流的方式，即便碰到有需要的情況，也會選擇用其他方式來替代手語。最後則是對是否有產生障礙認同，分成三點呈現，依序為個人認同，有聽聾之間的聽覺障礙者、聽障是我的一部分以及社會上的一般人；再來是語言認同，進一步討論選擇口語的脈絡，發現以聽人父母影響因素為深遠；以及社會認同探討在聽人、聽障者、聾人群體，分析在不同群體的見解以及對社會位置的想法，思考他們要成為怎麼樣的聽覺障礙者。根據上述研究結果提出一些建議，在語言政策的部分，固然在《國家語言發展法》推行之下，手語被視為一種國家語言，然而要提高手語在社會的普遍性還有努力的空間，因此需要更多的資源投入去讓社會大眾去認知到手語，以便提升聽覺障礙者可以藉由不同語言認識不同聽覺障礙群體，開拓自身的障礙認同，有更多選項去做選擇，而非僅是一種被動接受主流社會的價值。另外對於未來研究建議，因為聽覺障礙者的障礙經驗有強烈個人差異性，故可以增加參與者的輔具面向、與重要他人關係、與他人互動的適應問題、遇到困境如何去應對和投入研究場域的時間。

關鍵字

聽覺障礙者；障礙經驗；敘事研究

並列摘要

Hearing impaired people share different ideas about their own obstacles in the mainstream society because of their own difficulties and experiences. The researchers themselves are the hearing impaired, and they interpret their thinking about the experience of the obstacle from the perspective of the same group. This research is based on the theory developed by Kannapell (1994) on the identification of the hearing impaired, which is divided into the proposed research framework of personal, language, and social identification, and problem awareness. Collecting information through interviews, six participants were invited to share their views on the experience of obstacles, and narrative analysis to understand the theme of the experience presented by the six participants in response to the purpose of the research. The research results found that, first of all, for understanding one's own obstacles, although the definition of hearing impairment is given by the society as a standard, it has different meanings in different hearing impairments. Therefore, the interpretation perspective needs to be viewed and understood by people. Personal thoughts. Second, looking at the meaning of different languages (oral language, sign language), because the choice of oral language is limited in the mainstream society, it has to passively accept oral language for communication. It is also a way acceptable to both parties. The part of sign language is regarded as a deaf, disadvantaged and non-mainstream value in society. Naturally, it will not be preferred as a way of language communication. Even if it is necessary, it will choose to use other methods to replace sign language. Finally, the identification of whether there is a barrier is divided into three points, which are presented in order of personal identification, the hearing impaired between hearing and deaf, the hearing impaired is a part of me and ordinary people in society; then is the language identification, and further Discuss the context of the choice of oral language, and found that the influence factors of hearing parents are far-reaching; and the social identity is explored in the hearing, hearing impaired, and deaf groups, analyzing the opinions of different groups and thinking about social positions, and thinking about how they will become The kind of hearing impaired. Based on the above research results, some suggestions are made. In terms of language policy, although sign language is regarded as a national language under the implementation of the National Language Development Law, there is still room for effort to improve the universality of sign language in society. More resources are needed to allow the public to recognize sign language, so that the hearing impaired can understand different hearing impaired groups through different languages, develop their own barrier identity, and have more options to make choices instead of just one passively accept the values of mainstream society. In addition, for future research suggestions, because the hearing impaired people have strong personal differences in their handicap experience, it is possible to increase the participant’s assistive orientation, the relationship with important others, the adaptation problem of interacting with others, how to deal with difficulties and invest in research the time of the field.