協助家庭自營作業的少年之生活經驗初探--以家中經營餐飲業之少年為例

本研究之目的在於了解協助家庭自營餐飲業之少年的日常生活經驗與他們對此經驗的理解，期望藉此能引起大眾對於協助家庭自營作業之少年的關注。本研究所使用的研究方法為質性研究，並且運用「以兒童為中心」之研究精神。本研究共計訪問六位十二歲以上未滿十八歲之少年。本研究以立意取樣法為研究對象的選擇方式，選擇的條件有：十二歲以上未滿十八歲之就學中的少年、從兒童時期開始協助家庭自營餐飲業且目前（少年時期）也正協助家庭自營餐飲業，以及這些少年幫忙家中餐飲業之經營但未領取任何酬勞（屬於無酬家屬工作者）。本研究將研究結果歸納為四個層面，分別是受訪少年協助家庭自營餐飲業之角色成因、協助家庭自營餐飲業對受訪少年之影響、受訪少年如何看待自己的經驗，以及受訪孩子的正負向經驗之再思索： 1.在角色成因的部分，受訪孩子視家庭為經濟生活之整體並產生歸屬感與團結等概念、設法減輕大人的經濟與身心之壓力、為了滿足自己的生活樂趣、被視為家中人力資源，以及受到家中排行與性別之影響 2.在協助自家生意對受訪少年之影響的部分，影響範圍有受訪少年之生理、心理、家庭關係、人際關係、休閒娛樂，以及學業與學習 3.在受訪少年看待自己經驗的部分，分為對自己的看法以及對家中生意的看法。對自己的看法包含自營作業相關或家庭團體概念相關之觀點，還有對自己的正向及負向之詮釋，以及對於學業學習和休閒娛樂的看法。對自家生意的看法則是大部分認同，或者是受訪少年會選擇事情和對象與他人分享幫忙家中生意的經驗 4.在正負向經驗之再思索的部分，受訪孩子的正、負面經驗，看起來或許是截然不同的，但是若從不同的角度去重新解讀這些經驗，或許有不同的體會。

關鍵字

自營作業；無酬家屬工作者

並列摘要

The purpose of this essay is to realize the teenagers' experiences of helping families' self-employed catering businesses as well as the teenagers' understanding of their helping experiences, and hope to bring about the attention of the public. The research method of this essay is qualitative research with "child-centered approach." The number of participants is six, and the range of their age is twelve to eighteen. The researcher use purposeful sampling to pick up the participants, and the standards are the following: teenagers going to school, age twelve to eighteen, start to help families' self-employed catering businesses since childhood, and never take salaries from their families. The conclusions of this essay are the reasons of being an unpaid family workers, the influences of helping families' self-employed catering businesses, the teenagers' perspectives of their helping experiences, and the thoughts about the positive and negative experiences of participants: 1.The reasons of the participants' helping are the following: feelings of families' belonging and unity; to lower down the physical, mental and economical pressure of adults; to satisfy the interest of lives; to be viewed as the human resources in their families; the influences of gender and ranking of all siblings in their families. 2.The effects of helping families' self-employed catering businesses are the physical, mental, family relationships, interpersonal relationship, leisure time, entertainment, as well as the study and learning of the participants. 3.The teenagers' understanding of their helping experiences are the perspectives of themselves and their families' self-employed catering businesses . The perspectives of themselves include the concepts of self-employed businesses and families, the positive and negative interpretations of themselves, leisure time, entertainment, as well as the study and learning. Most of the participants' perspectives on their families' self-employed catering businesses are recognized. Sometimes the participants choose objects and matters to share with their helping experiences. 4.The positive and negative experiences of the participants are not absolutely different. Maybe we can view negative experiences with various thoughts.