越南台商微型餐飲業的經營與管理

全球化的趨勢下，資源重新分配及其結構改變，而資本的跨國移動，使得各個產業與政策相應調整。在這樣的脈絡下，有許多台商到越南進行投資，似乎也突顯出有許多台灣人到越南當地工作與生活甚至創業。研究文獻指出，台商與投資地方在經濟與社會層面都有鑲嵌性，尤其表現在族群網絡上，而台灣人跨國經營、創業想法的初衷，也會和自己家鄉作聯結和聯想，另一方面，飲食對人來說有著獨特的意義與文化，因此，這樣的族群聯想，再加上台灣人跨國移動到越南，所伴隨著意義與文化的移動，有時在創業的初衷，常常會與「飲食」相關。綜合上述可以發現，在越南有許多台灣人經營管理微型餐飲業。一般而言，跨國投資對於中小企業有許多進入市場的障礙與難度，更何況是規模與資本更小的微型企業，因此，本研究將針對台商在越南所開創的微型餐飲業來探討，以田野調查的方式為主，透過對台商在越南投資的經驗、經營管理、人際網絡…等探索，運用質化的分析程序來釐清台商經營管理微型餐飲業，甚至生存機制，作為台灣資本主義特色的一個延伸個案，試圖發現更多台灣資本主義特色所涵蓋的意義。在探討越南微型餐飲業台商後發現，研究文獻所指出台商前往異國投資的「跨國性」，也是越南微型餐飲台商從事跨國經濟活動的重要關鍵，然而，也因為在地化的必要性，促使不同社會文化、背景、觀念…等相互交織與落差，造成台商常常在經營管理方面會有意想不到的結果，對於越南的微型餐飲業台商而言，「在地經驗」成為台商經營管理微型餐飲業很重要的依據。

關鍵字

越南；台商；經營管理；微型餐飲業；在地經驗

並列摘要

Due to the tendency of globalization, the world commercial structure is changed and the resources are re-distributed as well, in the meantime, each industry and enterprise policy are adjusted accordingly in order to accommodate the realities. That’s under this scene, many Taiwanese businessmen invested Vietnam, most of them left their homeland, live, work or start their own business there. In the economical and social levels, some research and documents already pointed out the characteristic of “Embeddedness” in Taiwanese businessmen's investment behavior. This characteristic is evident especially among the ethnic network, because the original ideas of starting and operating their own business are often related to the homeland, moreover, “food” always can stand for one’s unique meaning and culture. Therefore, when the ethnical concepts associated with geographical movement, the meaning and the culture of food will also relocated, sometimes effect on the decision of which kind of business to start. By above-mentioned situations, we can find that now there are more and more Taiwanese operate and manage the micro catering-trade in Vietnam. Normally, there are many obstacles and difficulties for the middle enterprises who want to enter the international investment market, not to mention that for the micro enterprises with smaller scale and capital, the challenges are even bigger. Since the micro enterprise can also be one of the examples to find out the feature and meanings of Taiwanese capitalism, this study tries to explore the micro catering-trade operated by Taiwanese businessmen in Vietnam. My main research method is to interview Taiwanese business men, understand their investment experiences, ideas of management, interpersonal relationship……etc, then analyze qualitatively their “strategy of existence”. The other studies already indicated that the “Transnationalism” is a key point when discussing Taiwanese enterprises in Vietnam; however, through this thesis, we can also add the “Localization” on the list. Localization is not only a key point, but a indispensable momentum, for the reason that it fuels the connections and interactions between two different cultures. The experience of localization became a decisive factor when setting up the strategies and finally bring out an unexpected results to Taiwanese businessmen.