從羅蘭巴特（Roland Barthes）的符號學解讀「年度考績等次」的意義

本文的分析是採用羅蘭巴特的符號學作為論述指導，並將這套學術理論應用於說明實際的管理制度，在此，本文是以「年度考績等次」作為例子。之所以選用及探討這樣的題目，主要是有鑒於羅蘭巴特的符號學在人文社會科學擁有很高的評價，其又在各學科領域中的評論分析與詮釋能力亦頗令人滿意，另一方面則是有鑒於各行政機關與公私部門均採用「年度考績等次」作為管理制度，「年度考績等次」之評核與等第之排序，如何產生？是否為人為操縱之工具？「年度考績等次」的實施之成果又如何？，對此，本文認為存有多種可能之研究途徑；而本文除探討羅蘭巴特的符號學，並將之應用於說明「年度考績等次」所蘊含之意義。本文深知，「理解」始終是「自我理解」，也難以被實證。因此本文對於羅蘭巴特的符號學以及其在「年度考績等次」的意義之詮釋與評析上，畢竟也只是一種「自我理解」。這種研究途徑與方法有別於當今國內政策學界所常用的「實證分析理論」，但即使如此，這也是一種學術研究途徑。本研究主要引用巴特符號學的理論核心－符號意義的兩個層次之系統分析模式，試圖指出「年度考績等次」具有第一層次的直接意義以外，且具有第二層次之文化意義。其中文化意義可延展至少具有：含蓄意指、迷思及象徵等三種不同的意義型態，本文並進一步從這三個意義面向的呈現狀態來反思如何落實「年度考績等次」的管理之真義與其中被信賴的價值。

關鍵字

符號學；年度考績等次；含蓄意指；迷思；象徵

並列摘要

The analysis of this article was based on Roland Barthes’Symbolism and we applied this academic theory to illustrate actual managing systems. In this article, we used“Yearly Performance Record”as an example. As for why we chose and researched this topic, it was mainly because that Roland Barthes’Symbolism has a high evaluation in human social science field and also because that this theory performs well in statement analysis and interpretation in all kinds of academic fields. On the other side,since administrative organizations and male or private section use“Yearly Performance Record”in their managing systems, how do they come up with the evaluation of“Yearly Performance Record”and ranking? Are they artificially manipulated? How about the results of applying“Yearly Performance Record”? Toward these questions, we believe that there are many possible researching accesses. In this article we not only discussed Roland Barthes’Symbolism but also applied the theory to illustrate the meaning of“Yearly Performance Record”. We know that what “realization” means might always be considered as “self-realization”, which is hard to be proved. Therefore, the discussion Roland Barthes’Symbolism and the interpretation and comment of its meaning on“Yearly Performance Record”in this article are merely a“self-realization.”This kind of researching method is different from the“empirical-analysis theories”,which is used by contemporary in the academic and policy educational circles. However, what we were trying to do could also be seen as a academic researching method. In this article, we sited the core of Roland Barthes’Symbolism ---the two layers of system analytic modes, attempting to indicate that not only did“Yearly Performance Record”have direct meaning, but it also had a further meaning, a cultural meaning . This cultural meaning can be divided in to three different types, namely connotative meaning, myth and symbol. Based on the three different types, we examined how they realize the essence of“Yearly Performance Record”management and the trustworthy value lay within.