我國最適兵役制度之研究

Taiwan's most suitable for military service system research

徐中慶(Joung-Chung Shue)

指導教授 ： 林吉郎

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/公共行政與政策學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

值此我國為因應內外安全戰略環境變化，而積極致力軍事改革，謀求妥適安全維護途徑之際，兵役制度的發展，由於攸關軍事部門人力資源運用，以及兼顧質量均衡、公平原則、成本效益等問題，遂成為國人關注焦點。美國社會在遭受「911恐怖攻擊事件」之後，倡議「徵兵制」之聲浪四起，而我國則戮力尋求朝「高比例混合制」發展。我國國防人力中，志願役人數比重逐漸提高。因此，「徵兵制」與「募兵制」的取捨，儼然成為軍事改革中最有爭辯餘地的議題。
我國兵役制度自民國25年實施迄今，期間雖經歷多次修正，但當前社會對現行兵役制度仍存有不同意見及改革聲浪，殊值進一步深入探討；所以本論文以最適合我國兵役制度為研究題目，研究方法係以內容分析法分析相關兵役制度文獻，及以比較分析法比較外國兵役制度實施優缺點，分別以微觀角度探討我國兵役制度內部問題所在，另外再以宏觀的角度分析國外兵役制度實施成功經驗及未來可能影響我國兵役制度的變項因素，進而將研究成果作為我國未來兵役制度變革參考建議。
主要研究發現如下：（一）現行徵兵制役期過短，無法滿足未來作戰需求
，（二）建構專業兵力，為當代兵役制度發展趨勢，（三）中共至今仍未放棄以武力攻打台灣，（四）受到少子化的衝擊，我國未來兵力來源減少。
本論文之主要研究建議有四：（一）繼續維持現行徵兵制，義務役役期可進一步縮短，（二）擴大實施志願役士兵制度，延長志願役士兵役期，（三）建構募兵為主、徵兵為輔的兵役制度，加強專業分工，（四）加強後備動員制度，充分用運後備兵力。
【關鍵字】軍事改革、兵役制度、徵兵制、募兵制、徵募並行制

關鍵字

軍事改革 ； 兵役制度 ； 徵兵制 ； 募兵制 ； 徵募並行制

並列摘要

On the occasion of China's strategy to cope with internal and external security environment changes, and actively committed to military reform, the case carefully and seek ways of safeguarding security, the development of the military service system, because human resources departments related to military use, and take into account the quality of balance, the principle of equity, cost - Effectiveness and other issues, the focus became the people. In American society from the "911 terrorist attacks", the initiative "conscription" of noise everywhere, but China is North Korea to seek Luli "high proportion of mixed-mode" development. China's national defense manpower, the number of voluntary service gradually raise the proportion. Therefore, the "conscription" and "Mu Bingzhi," the choice of a military reform seems to have the most room for debate the question.
In Taiwan, our military service system has been carried out since 1936. Though it has been amended many times, there are still different opinions and demands for innovation in our society nowadays which are worth further research. Consequently this thesis takes “the most suitable future military service system of Taiwan” as the study subject. Research methods include content analysis which analyzes the literature related to military service systems, comparative analysis method which compares the advantages and disadvantages of foreign military service systems. A microscopic point of view is adopted to probe into the internal problems of our military service system; in addition, a macroscopic point of view is used to analyze the success in military service systems of foreign countries and the variation factors which may influence the military service system of our country in the future. And the achievements of this study can be a contribution to the future innovation of the military service system in Taiwan.
The following will be the research findings：
I. The current duration of conscription is too short to fulfill the demands of future battles.
II. To establish specialized troops is the trend of the development of military service systems.
III. The China has not abandoned attack on Taiwan with armed force.
IV. The sources of our future troops will reduce due to the impact of low birth rate.
The following will be the research proposals：
I. Continuing to maintain the current conscription and further shortening the duration of military obligation.
II. Expanding the voluntarism and prolonging its duration.
III. Establishing the military service system which its main source is conscription while the auxiliary source is voluntarism ,and enhancing specialization.
IV. Strengthening the reserve mobilization system and adequately applying the reserve troops
【Keywords】Military reform,military service system, conscription, voluntarism, compound of both conscription and voluntarism

並列關鍵字

Military reform ； military service system ； conscription ； voluntarism ； compound of both conscription and voluntarism

參考文獻

參考文獻

（一）書籍

1、中文書籍

丁肇強（1984），《軍事戰略》，台北：中央文物供應社

幼獅版高中軍訓教科書（2004），台北：幼獅文化出版社