澳洲高等教育出口之研究

澳洲發展國際高等教育，從開始資助國外鄰近發展中國家，進而發展成為世界主要出口國家。政府提供高品質的教育服務，透過跨國高等教育擴張其教育市場，從教育出口中獲取更多財政收入。目前澳洲高等教育出口除固守其在亞洲出口市場外，更開始向歐盟市場前進。整體而言，澳洲政府在其高等教育出口上扮演非常重要的角色。　　而我國自加入WTO後，高等教育的發展已逐漸走向自由化、多元化、大眾化及國際化。高等教育發展已面臨重大轉型，政府及各大學更開始發展國際教育為大學提供另一發展空間。澳洲高等教育出口經驗措施，正可做為我國高等教育拓展國際市場之借鏡。　　透過澳洲出口文件分析後，得到的研究結論如下：1.高等教育出口動機為全球化、國際化、高等教育國際化、市場消費導向及跨國教育機會與風險。2.1980年代以來，高等教育的改革與發展包含高等教育體系轉變，教育機構開始合併或改制，重視市場、績效、企業傾向競爭管理。3.高等教育出口分為二個階段：1984年以前，國際學生政策為對外「援助」；1984年以後，採取「援助」與「貿易」兩者結合政策導向。4. 高等教育品質策略仍由國家政府主導，同時也鼓勵各大學發展自我評鑑品質管理機制。　　最後根據前述研究結果，獲致的建議如下：1.建議設立一個專職負責海外國際教育機構，負責國際市場行銷資訊蒐集。2.建議建立一個完善的外國學生權益保障，吸引外國學生前來就學。3.在拓展國際高等教育市場策略上，較傾向直接以招收國際學生到台灣的大學就學為佳，未來是否需像澳洲一樣大量招收offshore仍需加以思考。4.政府應多加強整體完善的品質評鑑機制規劃，確保高品質的高等教育。5.政府仍應多鼓勵各大學積極參與國際活動，有助於國際了解及制訂國際市場策略。

關鍵字

澳洲；高等教育；高等教育出口；品質；全球化；國際化

並列摘要

Australian developed international higher education by subsidizing its developing neighbor nations, and it finally became a main exporter of higher education in the world. In the process, Australian government provides high quality education service and expands education market by transnational higher education. Meanwhile, Australia also gains more financial revenues from education export as well. At present, Australia not only exports its higher education to the Asia market but also starts to export education to the market in European Union. To sum up, Australian government plays a very important role on higher education export. 　　After Taiwan joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) , the keywords of higher education have gradually moved to liberalization, diversification, mass and internationalization. The higher education in Taiwan is facing significant reforms nowadays. The government and many universities start to create more chances to develop international education. Therefore, the experiences of the export of Australian higher education could be valuable for Taiwan. 　　The analyses on the export of Australian higher education obtained following conclusions: 1.The motivations that Australian exports higher education are globalization, internationalization, market guidance, the opportunity and risk in transnational education. 2. From 1980s, Australia transformed higher education system, and the educational institutions also started to merge or to change the systems. Meanwhile, the government paid much attention to marketing, accountability and competitive management. 3. The export of Australian higher education can be divided into two stages: one is international student policy for foreign "aid" before 1984, and the other is international student policy which combines "the aid" with "the trade" after 1984. 4.The quality strategies of Australian transnational higher education were led by the national government. Meanwhile, the government also encourages various universities to develop their own evaluation system in terms of quality control. 　　According above conclusions, the following suggestions are drawn: 1.To establish an overseas specialty institution for international market information collection. 2. To set up the protections of foreign students’ rights for attracting foreign students to come to study in Taiwan. 3. In terms of international higher education market strategies, it is comparatively favorable to recruit the international students to study in Taiwan's universities. However, it is necessary to consider seriously if Taiwan should recruit the international students through offshore as Australia as does. 4. The government should strengthen the quality evaluation plans in order to guarantee quality on higher education. 5. The government should keep encouraging universities to participate international activities because it is helpful to understand other countries and establish international market strategies.