本研究旨在探求朱熹童蒙教育思想的內涵,及其對後代的影響。經由研究發現,朱子童蒙教育思想,旨在恢復先秦之前小學禮教的原貌,並以「學為聖賢」作為童蒙教育的理想。在學習內容上,乃是以「明倫之事」、「敬身之事」與「六藝之文」三者,作為童蒙教育階段學習的基本科目;步驟上則是依先德行而後學文的順序進行。教以德行的重點,即是藉由生活儀節的踐履,習得明倫之事與敬身之事;進入學校教育後,則進而誦詩讀書,學習六藝之文,奠定幼學根基,以為未來大學成聖教育作準備。此外,朱子認為女子亦應受教,在教育目標上,根據其未來角色的不同,有「為賢女」、「為賢妻」及「為賢母」三者。 朱子童蒙教育思想對於後代的影響上,其門人於童蒙教育主張方面,均以朱子為宗,惟在學習內容上,有偏向義理之學的趨勢;而在童蒙教材方面,多以適合童蒙學習的體裁進行撰寫,較朱子有更大的進展。在元代,因時代背景的差異,童蒙教育目標除了培養其成為聖賢坯模外,更將經世致用列為教育目標。在童蒙教育的內容上,除延續朱子對於幼儀事上的重視外,更加重視性理之學的學習。
The main purpose of this essay is to study the elementary educational thoughts of Zhu Xi and its influence. The main findings are as follows: the aim of education of Zhu Xi was to restore the Confucianism for children in the pre-Qin period, and he emphasized that to learn was to be saints and sage. The main contents were ethics, moral integrity, and Six Arts. The sequence of learning was moral behavior which lied in the practice of life convenances, and then Six Arts. In addition that, Zhu Xi advocated the female should be educated, too. The educational goals for female were to be good daughter, good wife and good mother. About its influence, his students still followed his educational thoughts. But the learning material were more suitable for children and greater strides than Zhu Xi’s. In the Yuan dynasty, besides the aim of learning to be saints and sage, because of different background, its aim also expected the learners to take an active interest in public affairs. Furthermore, they payed more attention to study the philosophical principle of neo-confucianism.