我國消防防救災通訊系統之研究－危機管理的觀點

The Study on the Communication System in Taiwan’s Disaster and Relief Operations From a Crisis Management Perspective

沈子瑋(Shen- Tzu -Wei)

指導教授 ： 紀俊臣 博士

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/政治學研究所在職進修碩士班/碩士(2006年)

摘要

災害應變的活動通常在時間的應用上有其急迫性，災害的發生與影響又具不確定性，災情的危機脈絡或發展途徑具有複雜性、危機會產生決策與執行上的壓力，在指揮上又有跨越組織系統等特性，為整合整個災害應變的能力，在災害的應變過程中，亟需有一套嚴謹的管控機制，那即是「危機管理」或「災害管理」的工作。我國因地理環境因素的影響，位處於多自然災害的地區，每年歷經的災害除固定的颱風外、地震、土石流更是造成許多人力、物質的損耗。因此，我國在災害的防救災工作，也就更加的重視。由於，災害的不斷，災害的防救災工作需不斷的強化，一種常態性的組織是災害防治的必要機構，而這一個永久性的固定組織，即是消防機關。無論國內或國外，災害防救工作長久以來，即是地方政府的消防機關基本任務。也因此，一個健全的消防組織，加上精良裝備，是消防防救災工作不可或缺的基本結構與措施。消防機關為達成災害的救助與緊急醫療，平時在消防機關設置救災救護指揮中心（Emergency Dispatch Center），在重大災害發生時，設置災害應變中心（Emergency Operation Center），以因應任何突如其來的緊急災害狀況。災害的處理，講求快速的災情蒐集與災情傳遞，配合快速的救災人員、車輛的緊急派遣。因此，在整個防救災過程當中，無論任何階段的災情傳遞或者勤務的派遣工作，都不能有任何的疏失，為因應消防救災任務需要，一套安全、可靠的通訊系統設備，是消防救災最基本的配備之一，消防的通訊系統是消防救災的靈魂之窗更是耳目，精良的通訊系統是確保消防救災工作，順利進展的基本工具。
防救災工作，在我國歷經921大地震後，普遍受到國人與政府機關的重視，也由於災害經驗告訴我們，一套優良的防救災通訊系統，是達成防救災指揮、聯絡的基本配備，也惟有一套適合因應各種災害情境的防救災通訊系統，才能確保消防的防救災工作，不論在危機發生的各階段，能夠發揮整體救災通訊聯絡機制的運作正常。本研究發現我國現行防救災通訊系統，無論在中央或地方政府消防機關的通訊系統，都潛藏著一些亟待解決的通訊問題；通訊問題存在一天，象徵著事態即將擴大，由於事態的擴大必將影響通訊品質的安全與可靠。為此，本研究將研究過程中所歸納的缺失整理如下：1.通訊專業人員不足。2.管理問題的亟待解決。3.頻率的整合問題。4.通訊系統設備無法因應大型災害的通訊聯絡。5.中央與地方通訊系統的整合問題。

關鍵字

救災救護指揮中心 ； 災害應變中心 ； 防救災體系 ； 緊急醫療體系 ； 危機管理

並列摘要

The activity involved in emergency operation is a matter of urgency; the outbreak and impact of a disaster imply certain degrees of uncertainty; crisis emergence and development is also a highly complex issue. With all these accumulated, when a crisis breaks out, policy making and operations will be clouded with difficulties and the conduction of any measures may also demand an integration of various systems from multi-organizations. To have thorough strategic measures in coping with disasters, a well-rounded crisis management system or disaster management system is the thing one cannot do without.
Our Taiwan is situated in a natural-disaster prone area. In addition to the regular visits of typhoons, earthquakes and mudslides do far more damage to local human and other material resources. In view of this, our country puts great premium on the prevention and relief of disasters.
To prevent and relieve the high occurrence of disasters requires measures in constant improvement, which can only be realized in a stable and constant organization, i.e., a disaster prevention and relief organization.
For a long time either in Taiwan or in other countries, the task on disaster prevention and relief task is shouldered by states or counties themselves, which in return should have sound and well-equipped disaster prevention and relief organizations of their own.
The disaster prevention and relief organization, to fulfill supplying aids in emergency, establishes emergency dispatch centers on common grounds, while severe disasters strike, emergency operation centers will be assembled for any abrupt crisis.
Dealing with disasters relies on efficient news transmission and immediate relief worker and vehicle dispatchment and the whole process should guarantee no faults occur
To accomplish the task of disaster relief and rescue, one of the most fundamental systems required is a fine communication system, which resembles the human soul, of pivotal importance.
After the September 21st earthquake, the task in disaster prevention and relief has raised the public and the government’s attention. Experiences teach us that a disaster relief and rescue communication system of a great quality is the most essential part in dealing with all kinds of devastating situations. Whatever condition it is, the communication system should function properly and effectively so as to execute the rescue mission. The result of this research uncovers that the communication system of our country either in the central or local government have impending problems to be resolved. That problems remain unsolved a day implies that they may develop into serious issues, which will hinder the reliability of the communication system once called upon. The results of this research pinpoint five aspects of flaws in our communication system: 1. the lack of professional staff in communication 2.management issues 3. faults in the standardization of frequency across organizations 4. the poorly-equipped communication systems, which will be paralyzed when a large-scale disaster occurs 5. problems on the integration of the state-run and local-owned communication systems

並列關鍵字

Emergency Dispatch Center ； Emergency Operration Center ； Emergency Rescue Health Care System ； Disater prevention management system ； Crisis Management

參考文獻

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