大台北地區夫妻飲食及相關因子之探討

Examination of diet and related factors for husbands and wives in Taipei

黃思華(Huang Su-Hua)

指導教授 ： 盧立卿

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/家政教育學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

本研究採立意取樣，主要探討夫妻的飲食情況及其影響因素。於87年8月至88年2月間，在台北市立和平醫院痛風門診招募217位志願者，以自行發展的結構式問卷訪談個人及家庭的飲食情形，最後有82對夫妻完成問卷。研究結果發現24小時飲食回憶評估所得丈夫營養素攝取量顯著高於妻子，飲食頻率問卷計算的每1000大卡之營養密度，妻子大部分的營養密度比丈夫高，早餐、午餐、午點、晚餐與宵夜的熱量比例分佈為16%、39%、2%、40%與3%，早中晚餐共佔95%，其餘5%為午點及宵夜。在夫妻營養素的相關性方面，皮爾遜積差相關統計(Pearson product moment correlation)結果顯示夫妻間營養素攝取量多具有顯著相關性（r=0.233~0.436），而營養密度相關性卻不高（r=-0.011~0.293）。典型相關統計(canonical correlation)分析夫妻之間營養素攝取的互動性，結果顯示當丈夫的熱量攝取越多時，脂質、醣類的攝取也會越多，同時妻子的熱量、脂質的攝取會增加，但是妻子的醣類攝取量則會減少。在外食情形方面，每天早餐外食的夫妻比例約有30％，午餐外食約有24％，每天晚餐外食丈夫約為12％、妻子約為7％。每天和家人一起在家用餐的夫妻比例為50-60％，每天和家人在外用餐的比例只有4-5％，顯示大部分的夫妻早餐外食的比例高於午餐，午餐高於晚餐；而大部分的家庭三餐中仍至少有一餐在家中共同進餐。影響夫妻肥胖(BMI)的個人及家庭之相關因素，在控制痛風、抽煙、教育程度、活動量、年齡及熱量後，多元回歸(multiple regression)分析結果發現，家中居住人數與丈夫的BMI呈負相關；對妻子的BMI呈正相關的變項為脂質佔熱量的百分比、而呈負相關的變項為丈夫午餐外食的頻率。

關鍵字

家庭 ； 夫妻 ； 外食 ； 營養素攝取 ； 營養密度 ； 典型相關統計 ； 多元回歸分析法

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between diets and related factors for husbands and wives. This study used grab sample (sample of convenience) from patient attending the Gout Clinic in Taipei Municipal Ho-Ping Hospital. We recruited 217 volunteers between Aug. 1998 to Feb. 1999, and conducted face-to-face interviews to collect dietary and family information by the structured questionnaires. Total 82 spouse pairs completed the interviews. The results show that the means of dietary intakes by 24-hour recalls were significantly higher in husbands than wives. However most nutrient densities per 1000 kcal from food frequency questionnaire were higher in wives than husbands .The distribution of energy intake for breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner and night snack were 16%, 39%, 2%, 40% and 3%. Pearson product moment correlation show that the associations for most dietary intakes between husbands and wives were significant (r=0.233~0.436) by 24-hour recalls, but not nutrient densities(r=-0.011~0.293) by food frequency questionnaire. Canonical correlation analyses show that when the energy, fat and carbohydrate intake for husbands increased, the energy and fat intake for wives also increased, with decreased carbohydrate intake. About 30% of husbands and wives have breakfast outside home everyday, 24% of husbands and wives have lunch outside home everyday, 12% of husbands and 7% of wives have dinner not at home everyday. In daily life, about 50-60% husbands and wives eat with their families together at home and about 4-5% of husbands and wives eats with their families together outside home. These result imply that most family eat together at least one meal a day, with the highest frequency eating-out for breakfast than lunch, and the lowest frequency for dinner in both husbands and wives. After controlling for gout, smoking, education, exercise, age and energy intake, the multiple regression models show that numbers of family members has a significant effect on BMI for husbands; the percentage of energy from fat and the frequency of eating-out lunch for husbands have significant effect on BMI for wives.

並列關鍵字

family ； husbands and wives ； eating-out ； nutrients intake ； nutrient density ； canonical correlation ； multiple regression