異地空間的意涵: 以吳爾芙的<出航>與<奧蘭朵>為例

The Significance of Exotic Spaces: Virginia Woolf's The Voyage Out and Orlando

廖慧雯(Huiwen Liao)

指導教授 ： 曾靜芳

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/英語學系/碩士(2006年)

摘要

摘要
本論文主要探討吳爾芙《出航》與《奧蘭朵》中異地空間的意涵，兩本小說的故事背景同時發生在英國社會與殖民領地，此外兩本書中的女主角的蛻變都不約而同地發生在異地而非英國本土。在《出航》中，瑞秋(Rachel)抵達南美洲後，才漸漸學習如何與英國人相處互動；而在《奧蘭朵》中，令人咋舌的變性(sex change)發生於土耳其境內。吳爾芙對異地空間的鋪陳有極具重大意義，一方面異地的鋪陳協助瑞秋學習性別意識型態；另一方面它讓不可能發生的變性事件成真。因此，本論文主要探討為何異地空間在兩本小說中是不可獲缺的，瑞秋可以在英國本土學習成長嗎？奧蘭朵的變性有可能發生在英國社會中嗎？除此之外，我更檢視吳爾芙對異地空間的呈現，尤其是她的貢獻與侷限處。
本論文包含三章。第一章我主要討論吳爾芙如何揭露潛在性別意識型態的運作，還有她如何把女性的成長過程錯置於異地空間中，藉此她進而強化女主角瑞秋對女性性別角色的抗拒。本章中我藉重Pollock的領域劃分意識形態分析與Shoemaker在婚姻體制中男女角色的觀察。第二章我討論奧蘭朵如何從異地空間中習得的特殊經驗，此經驗如何授與她力量來踰越性別空間二元對立。我借助Piehler 和Walkowitz的研究來幫助我了解《奧蘭朵》中的想像空間。最後一章，我主要探討吳爾芙的旅行書寫與異地空間的呈現。根據Mills的理論，我認為吳爾芙最主要的成就在於她修正男性旅行書寫的傳統。

關鍵字

領域劃分意識型態 ； 婚姻體制 ； 雌雄同體 ； 性別與空間二分 ； 旅行傳統

並列摘要

Abstract
The aim of this thesis is to explore the significance of exotic spaces in Virginia Woolf’s The Voyage Out and Orlando. The settings of the two novels simultaneously are in English society and in colonial territories. Preeminently, the two heroines Rachel and Orlando undergo transformation in the exotic lands rather than in the homeland. In The Voyage Out, Rachel progressively learns how to interact with English people soon after she arrives in South America. In Orlando, the mysterious sex change takes place in Turkey. Woolf’s deployment of exotic spaces is tremendously significant because it helps Rachel learn English gender ideology and makes Orlando’s sex change possible. This thesis chiefly explores why exotic spaces are essential in the two novels. Could Rachel have learnt to grow up somewhere in English instead of in the exotic space? Could Orlando’s sex change have taken place in the social space of England? In addition, I also look into the ways Woolf represents exotic spaces. I explore Woolf’s contributions and limitations in her representation of exotic spaces.
This thesis includes three chapters. In Chapter One, I focus on how Woolf exposes the operation of underlying English gender ideology and dislocates female maturing process to the exotic land to facilitate Rachel’s resistance to her female gender role. My reading of The Voyage Out mainly draws upon Pollock’s analysis of ideology of separated spheres and Shoemakers’ idea about the male and female gender roles in the institution of marriage. In Chapter Two, I investigate how the female Orlando’s unusual experience acquired from the exotic space empowers her to transgress the gender and spatial divisions. Piehler and Walkowitz’s studies help to illuminate my understanding of imaginary space in Orlando. The last chapter explores Woolf’s travl writings and her representation of exotic spaces. Based on Mills’ idea, I regard Woolf’s revision of male travel tradition as her primary achievement.

並列關鍵字

ideology of separated spheres ； institution of marriage ； androgyny ； gender and spatial divisions ； travel tradition

參考文獻

Works Cited

Blunt, Alison, and Gillian Rose, eds. Writing Women and Space: Colonial and Postcolonial Geographies. New York and London: The Guilford Press, 1994.

Blair, Kirstie. “Gypsies and Lesbian Desire: Vita Sackville-West, Wiolet Trefusis, and Virginia Woolf.” Twentieth Century Literarure.50.2 (Summer 2004):141-167.

Boxwell, D.A. “(Dis) Orienting Spectacle: The Politics of Orlando’s Sapphic Camp.” Twentieth Century Literature, 0041-462X, September 1, 1998, 44.3.

Glenny, Allie. “The Voyage Out: A Slave to One’s Body in This World” Ravenous Identity: Eating and Eating Distress in the Life and Work of Virginia Woolf. London: MACAMILLIAN, 1999, 77-98.