批判性思考教學之知識論基礎探究

The study of epistemology on critical thinking instruction

吳雪綺(Mandy Wu)

指導教授 ： 溫明麗 教授

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

中文摘要
關鍵字：知識論、批判性思考、批判性思考教學
隨著資訊發達、科技的進步、虛擬網路與知識經濟時代的來臨，知識結構漸趨複雜、汰舊換新的腳步也愈來愈快速。為了讓學生們更能適應社會變遷、培養學生獨立思考能力；也為了讓學生能更認識自己，進而創造去運用理性思考能力；因此，傳統學校教育也需因應時代變遷而有所改革。然而，對批判思考教學之定義及教師在掌握知識本質上缺乏一個系統化理念，遂有鑒於此，研究者欲釐清批判性思考教學之定義，並自知識論探討批判性思考教學理論之基礎。本研究目的主要以希臘三哲對教育發展與知識的觀點和分類，尋找並採證與批判性思考教學相關之概念；並對批判性思考定義再詮釋；最後，綜合前述成果，擬具革新教學之建議。
本文計分為四章，首先，第一章詮釋批判性思考定義及檢視國內外批判性思考教學研究之探討。第二章論述蘇格拉底之批判性思考教學理念，第三章論述柏拉圖之批判性思考教學理念，第四章論述亞理斯多德之批判性思考教學理念。最後，對批判性思考教學定義作再詮釋，並在教學上提出建議與教學策略，期能對教育上有所啟示與貢獻。

關鍵字

知識論 ； 批判性思考 ； 批判性思考教學

並列摘要

Abstract
Key words: epistemology, critical thinking, critical thinking instruction
With the coming of informative society, e-Life, new technology and economic knowledge, the structure of knowledge is more complicated and the speed of communication is faster than before. In order to let students adapt the change of society, develop independent thinking ability and know themselves further to apply thinking ability rationally, school education needs to make a revolution towards the new age. However, we do not have clear definition of critical thinking and lack systematic idea on the nature of epistemology. As illustrated above, the researcher tries to clarify the nature of critical thinking and identifies epistemology as fundamental basis on critical thinking instruction.
The aim of this study is to prove the idea of critical thinking and clarification of knowledge from Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The second aim of this study is to reinterpret the definition of critical thinking. The third aim is to propose some suggestions according to the previous study.
There are four chapters in this thesis. The first chapter deals with the definition of critical thinking, both in the Western study and the Chinese study. Then a consensus for critical thinking instruction will be available. Socrates’ educational idea on critical thinking is dealt with in the second chapter. Besides, Plato and Aristotle’s educational idea on critical thinking is discussed in the third and fourth chapter separately. In order to propose the suggestion for education, the strategies of critical thinking are investigated as the suggestive principle for critical thinking instruction.

並列關鍵字

epistemology ； critical thinking ； critical thinking instruction

參考文獻

黃慶明著(1991)。知識論講義。鵝湖出版社。

溫明麗(1998)。新教育學。台北：師大書苑。

洪久賢、蔡長艷(1997)。家政科批判思考教學之實踐與成效評做研究(I)。國科會專案研究

Meyer, Susan Sauve(1993). Aristotle on moral responsibility. Oxford: Blackwell.

Paul R.W.,et al.(1995).Critical thinking handbook: High school. Foundation for Critical Thinking.