台灣產毛茛屬植物之分類研究

A Taxonomic Study of Ranunculus L. Taiwan

郭淑妙

指導教授 ： 王震哲 ； 楊宗愈

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生物學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本論文利用外部形態、花粉形態、細胞學及生態地理分布等資料，針對台灣產毛茛屬(Ranunculus L.)植物進行分類研究。結果將本屬植物處理為13個分類群，包括一新紀錄種：茴茴蒜(R. chinensis Bunge)。和Yang & Huang (1996)之訂正差別如下：將鉤柱毛茛(R. silerifolius Lév.)從揚子毛茛(R. sieboldii Miq.)劃分出來；將長柄毛茛的學名R. morii Ohwi依據優先權原則更名為R. taizanensis Yamamoto，並將R. taiwanensis Liu & Lu處理為其異名。
在外部形態方面，聚合果與瘦果形態是區分台灣產本屬植物的重要特徵。植株的生長模式、植株被毛、葉形、花瓣形狀、蜜腺類型等特徵亦有助於分類群的鑑定。花粉形態可區分為：三溝型(tricolpate)和多溝型(polycolpate)兩種，花粉大小及表面紋飾有微小的種間差異，可作為部分類群分類之佐證。細胞學研究共檢視10個分類群的染色體數目，其中掌葉毛茛(R. cheirophyllus Hayata) n=16、蓬萊毛茛(R. formosa-montanus Ohwi) n=8、南湖毛茛(R. nankotaizanus Ohwi) n=8與揚子毛茛(R. sieboldii Miq.) n=16、鹿場毛茛(R. taisanensis Hayata) n=8為首次報導。生態及地理分布方面，台灣特有的六個分類群都集中在中海拔以上的山區，其中南湖毛茛與長柄毛茛分布極為侷限；非台灣特有的七種類群則分布在中海拔以下。

關鍵字

台灣 ； 毛茛屬 ； 花粉型態 ； 細胞分類

並列摘要

The genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) in Taiwan is taxonomically revised based on morphological, palynological, cytotaxonomic, phytogeographical, and ecological studies. Thirteen species of the genus, including a new record (Ranunculus chinensis Bunge) are recognized. This treatment differs from the Flora of Taiwan, 2nd ed. in the following: R. silerifolius Lév. which was previously reduced to R. sieboldii Miq., are now treated as distinct. Ranunculus morii Ohwi and R. taiwanensis Liu & Lu are treated as a synonym of R. taizanensis Yamamoto.
Morphology of aggregated fruit and achenes are valuable characters for the classification within the genus in Taiwan. Besides, branching types, vesture, morphology of leaves and petals, and nectary types also provide useful information. Pollen morphology can be devided into two types: tricolpate and polycolpate. Pollen size and exine sculpture show little interspecific difference. Observation of the meiotic chromosome numbers of 10 Taiwanese species reveals some variation among species. The chromosome numbers of R. cheirophyllus Hayata (n=16), R. formosa-montanus Ohwi (n=8), R. nankotaizanus Ohwi (n=8), R. sieboldii Miquel (n=16), and R. taisanensis Hayata (n=8) are determined for the first time. Six endemic species distribute in altitude above 2000 m, seven non-endemic species distribute below 2000 m. Some species , such as R. nankotaizanus Ohwi and R. taizanensis Yamamoto have very narrow range of distribution.