從新校園運動探討教學空間規劃與環境教學之研究—以台中縣土牛國小為例

The exploration of educational spaces planning and environmental teaching from New schoolyard's movement in Tu-Neo Primary School in Taichung

吳易凌(Wu I-lin)

指導教授 ： 張子超

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/環境教育研究所/碩士(2001年)

摘要

學校，是孩童除了家庭之外生活時間最長的地方，可說是孩子的第二個家，一個學生從家庭進入學校教育的階段，他就讀學校的環境，必然對他產生相當的影響。由於學校環境是兒童學習時間最長也是建構基礎知識最開始的場所，因此除了課堂上老師的講授課程外，校園環境對孩子行為的潛移默化影響也不容忽視。因此在校園規劃之初，透過長遠的計畫，創造一個和諧優美的校園，讓學生在自由活潑、舒暢安適而富有創意的空間裡培養他們高雅的情操。
在研究者就讀研究所其間，有幸遇到大規模校園重建規劃，而政府單位也有心將推動已久的教育改革落實在空間營造上，這不僅為學生帶來更佳的學習環境，也提供學校老師更豐富的教學題材。研究者在參與新校園運動與深入探討教育理念落實在空間規劃上的過程後，進入新校園中尋找環境教育推展的機會，期望作為環境教育、主題課程規劃與校園規劃的參考。
本研究以時間為主軸，新校園運動為出發點，透過文獻分析以瞭解校園空間營造對學校教學與學生心智養成的影響，更以新校園運動相關記錄文件的內文分析與焦點人物進行深入訪談的交互比對，勾繪出新校園運動在學校教育改革中造成的影響與改變機會，並經由實際課堂教學的參與觀察，檢視新校園運動落實教育改革的模式，尋求環境教育實踐的契機。
本研究致力於建築空間設計與教育專業的合作與對話探討，發現參與式的校園規劃能夠促進師生對學校的歸屬感與認同感、校園中處處充滿教學資源及境教的功能、教學環境的設計會影響師生的校園生活互動關係，進而帶動教學活動的改變、環境教育可以藉由生活體驗與課程融入方式落實、以及孩子可以從遊戲中獲得豐富的學習機會等等。經由研究的歷程與分析，歸納出以下幾點結論：
一、教育內涵是校園規劃的主要設計理念：唯有充分將教育的需求與內涵融入學校設計理念中，才能讓校園發揮最佳的教育潛力。二、新校園運動加速教育改革的推展：新校園運動將開放空間、小班教學、綠色學校、協同教學等教育改革理念融入設計理念中，並經由硬體空間的塑造，來影響軟體與教學活動的發展，讓停留在口號階段的教育改革政策向前邁進一大步。三、校園是實施環境教育的最佳場所：孩子透過遊戲獲得知識與技能，因此透過校園設計與教師的引導，校園處處充滿環境教育的機會。四、教育改革的最大教具—學校建築：新校園中將過去的封閉型教室開放設計成班群教室、協同教學空間，促成教學活動的改變，並以建築技術使校園內的空間、自然資源被充分利用進行教學，而學校本身就是豐富的教具。五、孩子才是學校的主體：由於學校是孩子主要的學習場所，因此校園的設計應以孩子為設計主要考量，才能發揮最佳的教育成效。

關鍵字

新校園運動 ； 教育改革 ； 校園建築 ； 校園規劃 ； 環境教育

並列摘要

School is the place except Family where children spend most of their time, and it’s also the second home for children. When a student goes from family to school-education stage, the first impression given by the school environment will absolutely have certain influence on him.
School is the place where children spend the longest time learning and construct the elementary knowledge for the first time, therefore, in addition to the curriculum teaching, the potential influence of school environment cannot be ignored. As a result, we must have a long-goaled plan in the beginning of school plan to create a peaceful and beautiful environment, so that students can develop their noble personality in the free, cheery, convenient and filled with originality space.
When Researcher studied in Graduate School, luckily meeting School’s large-scale campus reconstruction, and government had intent to make Education revolution practical in construction of space. This supplied students better study environment and teachers more abundant subject matters. Researcher joined new campus campaign and thoroughly explored the spreading chances to enter campus to search environmental education after process of carrying out concept of education in space planning. Researcher hopes this would be reference materials for environmental education, subject courses plans, and campus plans.
The research views time as main shaft and views new campus campaign as staring point, and understands the effect of campus space construction through document analysis, still more cross compares new campus campaign’s correlative document content analysis with focal figures’ interview and describes changing chances and effects of new campus campaign in education revolution. Also through observation on practical course teaching people view the model of carrying out new campus campaign and find the moment of environmental education practice.
The main purpose of this research is applied to the spatial design for the building, to the specialized field in education and to confer a conversation. Throughout the research it have discover that teachers will improve their belonging and identification to the school when they can participate in the schoolyard scheme. At the campus there is full of teaching resources, in time the function for the environmental education and the design for the teaching environment will affect the interactive relationship between teachers and students in the school life. From the changes to promote teaching activity, the environmental education can be fulfill from life experience and integrate it into classes. Also the children can gain abundance of learning chances from the games. Throughout the process and the analysis from the research, we have concluded the following points.
1.The main of school plan concept is educational meanings: only involve the need of education and educational meanings, can help schools work educational potential best. 2.New schoolyard’s sport speed the work of education reform: New schoolyard’s sport involve open space, green school and corporative teaching into plan concept, and through the make of hard space, to influence the soft equipment and teaching activity. 3.Campus is the best place for environmental education: the children through play gain environmental knowledge and skills. By school design and teaching, there are many environmental education opportunities in schools. 4. The huge teaching tool is school building: the new schools change traditional classroom into group classrooms, corporative teaching spaces, helping teaching activities change. By architecture skills making school spaces and natural resources be used teaching well. 5.The children is the main rule of school: because school is the main places for learning, so the children is the main factor for school plan.

並列關鍵字

New Schoolyard's movement ； education reform ； campus building ； school plan ； environmental education

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