日本自由民主黨派閥競爭之研究

A Study on the Competition of the liberal Democrative Party in Japan

吳崇德

指導教授 ： 紀俊臣

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/政治學研究所在職進修碩士班/碩士(2003年)

摘要

日本自由民主黨實際上是派閥聯合而成的政黨。由於派閥傳承了日本政治的主流與政治文化的特質，在日本實際政治的運作上有其重要的地位。另外黨內的派閥有公開而正式的組織，且公然的活動於日本政治舞台上，並公布其派閥成員的名單和政治資金，這是其他國家政黨內派系少有的現象。而在長期的實際運作和發展下，自由民主黨的派閥不論在組織結構上或其政治競爭的運營上，皆已呈高度的制度化。加上自由民主黨內不論是政治資金或是黨、政重要職位的分派，皆是按照派閥大小比例採取一樣「均衡分配」、「利益均霑」的原則，所以派閥也願意結合在自由民主黨內獲取現在的政治利益。因此，自由民主黨並不因黨內派閥的林立而產生分裂。在此認知下，自由民主黨的政治領袖、菁英不得不承認並接受派閥的存在為其政黨組織必然具有的特性，而且試圖驅使派閥活動遵循著一定的規範來運作，並賦予派閥彼此間建制化的關係。因此，本文希望透過對日本自由民主黨派閥發展的研究，針對派閥的運行，事先規劃好一套有效的制度來規範國內政黨內部派系的活動，以減低因為黨內派系間彼此的競爭，導致「政黨政治」負面影響的產生。此故，本論文共分六章，第一章為緒論部分，包括研究動機與目的、研究方法與架構、研究範圍與限制、相關文獻探討，以及重要的名詞釋義等。第二章為政黨體系內政治競爭內涵之探討，包括政黨體系與政治競爭之概念、派系政治運作模式之探討、政黨派系組織之形成等。第三章為派系組織間競爭理論之建構，包括派系體系之概念、剖面之架構分析、派系競爭之理論基礎、派系之組織活動與競爭型態等。第四章則進行日本自由民主黨派閥組織發展歷程之研究，包括派閥產生之原因、歷史沿革與發展、組織與結構、派閥運作與政治競爭等。第五章則是針對日本自由民主黨派閥競爭政治影響之分析，包括派閥競爭與金權政治、派閥競爭對政黨組織之影響、派閥內部結構鬆動與組織轉型、日本自由民主黨派閥未來之發展等。第六章為結論部分，包括本論文的研究結果、研究建議，以及未來的研究展望等。

關鍵字

自由民主黨 ； 派閥 ； 族議員 ； 恩庇侍從主義

並列摘要

Japanese Liberal Democratic Party actually is a party united by factions. Factions have very important position in the Japanese political operation, because factions continue the main current and cultural essence in Japanese politics. Also within the party that factions have an open and formal organization, it acts in the Japanese politics and shows the list of faction’s members and political capital, it’s very rare to see in the other countries. Under the long period of operation and development, the faction of Liberal Democratic Party that in spite of the construction or the operation in the political competitions they all have a high systemizes. Also the political capital or the assign of political main position, both are according to the faction’s quantity to assign, so the faction is willing to combine within the Liberal Democratic Party to get the political benefits. So the Liberal Democratic Party will not split because of many factions establishes.By the way, the leaders and elites of the Liberal Democratic Party must be accept the exist of factions is for the party’s organization, also the faction’s activities must be operated by the rule. So, through the study on the development of Liberal Democratic Party in Japanese faction and aiming at the operation of faction to plan an effective system to regulate our parties in their activities, and to minimize the negative side of party politics from the competition between the parties.There is six chapters in this thesis, in the first chapter is introduction that include the study of motive and purpose, study method and construction, relevant content research and main term explain, etc… In the second chapter is about the study on the competition within the parties system that include the concept of parties system and political competition, and the study on the construction and political operation of faction, etc…. In the third chapter is about the theory of competition between the faction’s organizations that include the concept of the faction’s system, analyze on construction of section, the theory of competitions in the faction, faction’s activities and competition styles, etc…. In the fourth chapter is about the study on the organization’s development process of Japanese Liberal Democratic Party that include how the faction established, development, history, organization , construction, operation and political competition, etc… In the fifth chapter is about the analyze on the political influence of Japanese Liberal Democratic Party’s competition that include the influence of party’s organization by faction competition, checkbook policy, faction’s competition, construction loosen, organization change type and Japanese Liberal Democratic Party’s future development, etc... In the sixth chapter are conclusions that include this thesis’s study result, suggestion and future outlook, etc.

並列關鍵字

Liberal Democratic Party ； Faction ； Diet Cliques ； Patron-Clientelism