國中女學生健康體適能及其相關因素研究–以雲林縣某女子國中為例

本研究旨在探討國中女學生健康體適能及其相關因素。以雲林縣某女子國中為母群體，抽樣分為績優組173名、績劣組171名，共計344名為研究對象。以結構式問卷、蒐集體適能成績與學業成績資料分析，所得數據分別進行描述統計、單因子變異數分析、斯皮爾曼等級相關、複迴歸分析，以瞭解國中女學生背景變項與健康體適能之間的關係。本研究所得重要結果如下：一、研究對象中，約有一成四家庭是高社經地位、二成九家庭是中社經地位、五成六家庭是低社經地位，而父母運動習慣高度參與約三成一、中度參與約三成九、未參與則約二成九，而網路使用每週6小時以下約三成三、每週7-20小時約四成五、每週21小時以上約二成。心肺適能平均值介於健康體適能常模銀牌等級，肌肉適能平均值介於健康體適能常模銅牌等級，柔軟度平均值介於健康體適能常模銅牌等級，瞬發力平均值介於健康體適能常模銀牌等級，身體組成BMI平均值介於健康體適能常模正常等級。二、研究對象背景變項中除了「父母運動習慣」與健康體適能無關外，「年級」與肌肉適能、瞬發力有關係；「家庭社經地位」與心肺適能、肌肉適能、身體組成(BMI)有關係；「學業成就」與心肺適能、肌肉適能、柔軟度、瞬發力、身體組成(BMI)都有關係；「網路使用」與心肺適能、肌肉適能、瞬發力、身體組成(BMI)有關係。三、研究對象的心肺適能越好者(800M跑走所花的秒數越少)，其肌肉適能(仰臥起坐的次數越多)、瞬發力(立定跳得越遠)及身體組成(BMI值越小)都越好；肌肉適能越好者(仰臥起坐的次數越多)，其柔軟度(坐姿體前彎越遠)、瞬發力(立定跳得越遠)及身體組成(BMI值越小)都越好；柔軟度越好者(坐姿體前彎越遠)，其瞬發力(立定跳得越遠)越好；瞬發力越好者(立定跳得越遠)，其身體組成(BMI值越小)越好。研究對象之健康體適能彼此間有顯著相關。四、研究對象的背景變項可以有效預測心肺適能、肌肉適能、柔軟度、瞬發力及身體組成(BMI)等健康體適能，並可以解釋其總變異量的如下：心肺適能為12.6% 、肌肉適能為11.5% 、柔軟度為4.9% 、瞬發力為11.3% 、身體組成(BMI)為8.9%；研究結果顯示，學業成就優者在心肺適能、柔軟度、瞬發力、身體組成(BMI)等四種健康體適能都較好；每週網路使用6小時以下者在心肺適能、肌肉適能、瞬發力等三種健康體適能都較好；但是七年級生在肌肉適能及瞬發力二種健康體適能則較差。本研究根據結果提出多項建議，以作為提升學生健康體適能之參考。

關鍵字

健康體適能；學業成就；社經地位；網路使用；年級

並列摘要

The research is aiming in discussing junior high school female students’ physical fitness and its related caused issues. Research uses a girl junior high school in Yunlin county as a sample. It randomly samples with good performance group of 173 students and bad performance group of 171 students; total 344 students as research objects. It uses structural questionnaire, physical fitness performance result collecting and school performance result date analyzing. The collected data was analyzed by description calculation, one-way analysis of variance,Spearman's rank correlation, multiple regressionanalysis to analyze junior high school female students’ relation between background variable factors and their physical fitness performance. The research result as below: 1. Research objects have around 14% with high level of Socioeconomic status family, 29% with middle level of Socioeconomic status family and 56% with low level Socioeconomic status family.31%of parents have intensive regular exercise habits. 39% with moderate exercise habits, 29% with no exercise habit.Time of using internet under 6 hours per week is around 33%, 7-20 hours per week is around 45%, over 21 hours per week is around 20%. Cardiovasular Fitness average level is within Norm-Referenced Evaluation silver rank, muscle fitness average level is within Norm-Referenced Evaluation bronze rank, body index BMI average level is within Norm-Referenced Evaluation regular rank. 2. For research object background’s variable factors, besides “parents’ exercise habit” is not related to physical fitness; “grade” is related to muscle fitness and muscle power. “Family’s level of Socioeconomic status” is related to Cardiovasular Fitness, muscle fitness andBMI. “School performance” is related to Cardiovasular Fitness, muscle fitness, flexibility, muscle power and BMI. “Internet using” is related to Cardiovasular Fitness, muscle fitness,muscle power and BMI. 3. Research object with better Cardiovasular Fitness (spending less time on 800m running/ walking); its muscle fitness (more sit up times), muscular power (further distance for standing broad jump) and Body index (lower BMI) will be better. The object with better muscle fitness (more sit up times); its flexibility (can reach further for the sit and reach test), muscle power(further distance for standing broad jump) and body index (lower BMI) will be better. The object with better flexibility (can reach further for the sit and reach test); its muscle power (further distance for standing broad jump) will be better.The object with better muscle power (further distance for standing broad jump), its Body index (lower BMI) will be better. The physical fitness of the subjects was significantly correlated with each other. 4. The research objects background variable factors can presume Cardiovasular Fitness, muscle fitness, flexibility, muscle power and BMI….etc effectively ,the total variation can be explained as follows: Cardiovasular Fitness 12.6%, muscle fitness11.5%, flexibility4.9%, muscle power11.3% and BMI8.9%. Result shows, research object with better school performance; will have better Cardiovasular Fitness,flexibility, muscle power and BMI performance. Research object with internet using time under 6 hours per week will have better performance in Cardiovasular Fitness, muscle fitness and muscle power, however, 7th grade students have poorer muscle fitness and muscle power performance. This study presented many suggestions according to the results. These results could be taken as reference for enhancing students’ health related physical fitness.