國小教師情緒智慧、情緒勞務與心理健康之研究

本研究目的旨在瞭解國小教師情緒智慧、情緒勞務與心理健康之現況，並瞭解不同背景變項之間的差異。同時，探討國小教師在情緒智慧、情緒勞務與心理健康之間的關聯性及預測力。本研究採用問卷調查法，以便利抽樣的方式，抽取現職國小教師為研究對象，共計發出530份問卷，回收457份；剔除填答未完整的無效問卷，有效問卷440份，回收率為83%。問卷所得資料分別以平均數、標準差、多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸統計方法進行資料處理分析。研究結果如下：一、國小教師情緒智慧會因性別不同而有顯著差異，女性教師的情緒表達高於男性教師。二、國小教師情緒勞務會因年齡、教學年資、婚姻狀態不同而有顯著差異。年齡較大的教師其互動壓力較高。教學年資較深的教師其真情偽飾較低，但互動壓力較高。未婚教師互動壓力高於已婚教師。三、國小教師心理健康會因性別、教學年資、職務類別、婚姻狀態不同而有顯著差異。男性教師的自我悅納程度高於女性教師。教學年資較淺的教師其人際關係較佳。兼任行政教師情緒平衡較差。已婚教師家庭和諧、情緒平衡、樂觀進取高於未婚教師。四、國小教師情緒智慧與情緒勞務呈顯著負相關；情緒智慧與心理健康呈顯著正相關；情緒勞務與心理健康呈顯著負相關。五、國小教師的情緒勞務能有效預測情緒智慧，整體解釋力為26%，其中情緒失衡對情緒智慧最具預測力。六、國小教師的情緒勞務能有效預測心理健康，整體解釋力為26%，其中真情偽飾對心理健康的預測力達21%。七、國小教師的情緒智慧與情緒勞務能有效共同預測心理健康，整體解釋力為41%，其中情緒調節對心理健康的預測力達28%。

關鍵字

國小教師；情緒智慧；情緒勞務；心理健康

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, mental health and emotional labor for elementary school teachers and compare difference with different background variables. Questionnaire survey is conducted to collect the data. By convenience sampling, a total of 530 teachers served in elementary schools as the subjects, and 457 surveys are collected. Excluding the incomplete ones, there are 440 valid questionnaires with a returning rate of 83%.The researcher analyzes questionnaire data by mean, standard deviation, MANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Emotional intelligence has a significant difference depending on different gender in elementary school teacher. Female teachers scored in emotional expression higher than male teachers. 2. Emotional labor has a significant difference depending on different age, years of teaching and marital status in elementary school teacher. Older age teachers’ interaction pressure was higher. More years of teaching teachers’ emotional disguise was lower, but interaction pressure was higher than others. Unmarried teachers’ interaction pressure was higher than married teachers. 3. Mental health has a significant difference depending on different gender, years of teaching, work position and marital status in elementary school teacher. Male teachers scored in self-accept higher than female teachers. Fewer years of teaching teachers’ interpersonal relationship was higher than others. Administrative teachers’ emotional balance was lower than others. Married teachers’ family harmony, emotional balance, optimism were higher than unmarried teachers. 4. There were negative correlation between teachers’ emotional intelligence and emotional labor; positive correlation between teachers’ emotional intelligence and mental health; negative correlation between teachers’ emotional labor and mental health. 5. The elementary school teachers’ emotional labor could predict the emotional intelligence about 26%. In addition, the emotional imbalance was the most dominant factor in predicting emotional intelligence. 6. The elementary school teachers’ emotional labor could predict the mental health about 26%. In addition, the emotional disguise could predict the mental health about 21%. 7. The elementary school teachers’ emotional intelligence and emotional labor could predict the mental health about 41%. In addition, the emotion regulation could predict the mental health about 28%.