2008北京奧運後韓國競技游泳發展之策略

韓國競技游泳從1958年東京亞運開始參加國際游泳比賽，在1970年曼谷亞運中獲得首面金牌，韓國競技游泳發展以1970年曼谷亞運為基礎快速發展，特別是在於韓國競技游泳在2008年北京奧運，游泳選手朴泰桓獲得金牌，突破韓國游泳項目在奧運參賽史上零奪牌紀錄。本研究以 De Bosscher 等 (2006) 所提出的九個競技運動成功關鍵因子作為分析依據，採用半結構式訪談法及內容分析的方式，探討目前韓國競技游泳發展之策略為何，並分析韓國競技游泳實際發展的情況。研究結果發現：目前韓國在競技游泳的發展策略雖然已經涵蓋了九個競技運動成功關鍵因子，但韓國競技游泳發展過程中，亦有許多問題存在，包括、國家給予大韓游泳協會的經費不足、國家游泳代表隊選拔系統之缺失造成願意前往選手村接受訓練的意願不高、全職運動員過於熱衷國內體育大賽忽略國際賽事及選手退役後之生涯補助由於政府機關宣傳不足以及申請限制過高造成適用性不佳等，這些問題影響到目前韓國競技游泳之成績。本研究建議未來韓國競技游泳整體上優先從尚未發展的部分進行改善，以提升國家隊的競技實力，其根據研究結果提出下列四項建議：應重新衡量經費分配之比例、應重視非明星退役選手之生涯規劃、選手村效能不佳可考慮將選手村之經費分配在選手及教練出國比賽與訓練之補助以及開放選手村場地解決寒暑假訓練場地不足之問題。

關鍵字

競技游泳；發展策略；成功關鍵因子；韓國

並列摘要

South Korea attended international swimming games for the first time in 1958 Tokyo Asian Games. In 1970 Bangkok Asian Games, South Korea won its first gold medal in swimming. Since then, elite swimming in South Korea has been developing quite fast, which can be demonstrated by Park Tae-Hwan’ swimming the first Olympic gold medal in 2008 for South Korea. The analysis of this study is based on the nine key factors of the success in elite sport of the west by De Bosscher et al (2006)., Semi-constructed interview and content analysis were conducted in order to investigate South Korea’s elite swimming development and the strategies behind. The result of this study is as follows. Although South Korea’s elite swimming development strategies have covered the nine key factors of elite sport success, certain problems still exist, such as lack of fund from the government, low willingness of athletes to stay in National Training Center due to the deficiency in the selection system, negligence on international games due to the over-concentration on domestic games for fulltime athletes, and difficulties for retired athletes to apply for government subsidy. The reasons above all have affected South Korea’s elite swimming performance. In order to elevate the national team’s capability, it is suggested that improvements for the future development of South Korea’s elite swimming should be made starting from aspects untouched before. Four suggestions accordingly are as follows. First, the funding portions for elite swimming development should be reallocated. Second, more attention should be paid to the career planning for retired athletes. Third, the funding for National Training Center can be shared with the training and other expenses for coaches and athletes to join competitions abroad. Forth, the National Training Center can be opened during summer and winter vacation for training.