華語學習者古代漢語及現代漢語學習策略之比較-以德國哥廷根大學和國立臺灣師範大學學習者為例

Chinese Learners' Learning Strategies for Ancient Chinese and Modern Chinese: In the Case of Learners in Goettingen University and National Taiwan Normal University

傅聖芳(Fu Sheng-Fang)

指導教授 ： 朱我芯 ； 杜昭玫

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與社會科學學院/華語文教學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202149

摘要

隨著近年來全球學習華語的總人口增加，學習者的華語程度不斷向上提升。古代漢語中許多常用的句式及慣用語仍保留在今日的書面語中，不但有豐富的文化意涵，並且有益於學生提高其口語和書面語體之間轉換的能力。然對國際學生而言，從現代漢語進階到古代漢語仍屬不易，故本研究將關注學生學習現代漢語和古代漢語這兩種不同文體時，具體使用哪些策略？是否因為學習環境不同而有不同的策略選用傾向？哪些因素（如：性別、年齡、學習時間等）可能影響學習者的策略選用？本研究以國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學系大學部國際生和德語區的德國哥廷根大學東亞所漢學系學生輔以德國特里爾大學漢學系、自由大學漢學系以及奧地利維也納大學漢學系的學生作為觀察對象。主要以語言學習問卷及訪談方式了解其學習動機與策略選擇原因，並訪談教師對於學習目標設置和教學設計及教材等看法。本研究結果顯示，德國華語學習者學習現代漢語和古代漢語皆常採用補償策略和社會策略；然台師大華語學習者則皆較常使用認知策略和社會策略。德國華語學習者學習古代漢語的策略，較多為情意策略與社會策略。就古代漢語和現代漢語的相關性而言，德國華語學習者選擇認知策略與後設認知策均的相關性較高，而台師大學習者選擇記憶策略和社會策略的相關性較高。在影響兩地區華語學習者古代漢語策略選擇因素方面，學習時間長短和自評語言能力高低為主要因素；在現代漢語方面則以學習者學習漢字的經驗為主要因素。故研究建議教師可在教學設計中融入許多古語今用的例子與相關文化討論，幫助學習者穩固現代漢語基礎並了解古代漢語文化內容。

關鍵字

語言學習策略 ； 古代漢語 ； 現代漢語 ； 德語區學習環境

並列摘要

As the population of Chinese learners from all around the world is growing , Chinese learners’ language ability also move forward to the higher levels. Chinese teachers believe that by learning ancient Chinese students can enhance their modern Chinese ability, mainly because a lots of useful patterns or phrases from ancient Chinese are still preserved in written Chinese nowadays. Ancient Chinese not only has plenty of cultural meanings but also helps students to improve their language ability in written and oral Chinese conversation. However, it’s not so easy for international students to transfer from modern Chinese to ancient Chinese. Therefore, this study will focus on what kinds of strategies they would choose when learning these two different types of Chinese? And, would students choose different learning strategies if the environments are different? Moreover, what factors may influence learners’ choice of learning strategies (for example, gender, age, learning period)？This study takes those students who had studied at Department of Chinese as a Second language, National Taiwan Normal University, and those who studied at Department of Sinology of Goettingen University, Trier University , Free University Of Berlin and University of Vienna as objects. The study will use SILL questionnaire and interviews to know their motivations and the reasons why they chose specific strategies. The results show that they usually adopt compensation and social strategies for learning both modern and ancient Chinese. But learners in NTNU tend to use more cognitive and social strategies when learning modern Chinese. However students in Germany use more affective and social strategies when learning ancient Chinese. For learners in Germany there is higher correlation between modern and ancient Chinese, learners in Germany have higher correlation between cognitive and metacognitive strategies. On the other hand, learners in NTNU use more memory and social strategies. Learning time, language ability, and the previous learning experience of Chinese characters might have influence on their choices of learning strategies.

並列關鍵字

Language Learning Strategies ； Ancient Chinese ； Modern Chinese ； German language learning environment

參考文獻

參考文獻

英文文獻

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