幼兒同儕關係與外貌吸引的探討

同儕關係在幼兒成長過程中扮演了重要角色。許多研究指出，受歡迎個體的特質中，包含了外貌吸引。本研究旨在探討幼兒同儕關係與其外貌吸引的關聯，並進一步分析不同年齡、性別的幼兒在同儕關係與外貌吸引上有無顯著差異。本研究以臺北市大安區、文山區、中山區、北投區五所國小附設幼兒園，八個中、大混齡班級，共138位幼兒為正式研究對象，其中男生有73位、女生有65位；在年齡方面，四歲中班組有46位、五歲大班組有92位。採用照片式社會計量法與幼兒同儕外貌調查訪問分別收集每位受試幼兒在班級中的社會地位狀況及其外貌吸引的資料。本研究使用 SPSS 22.0 統計套裝軟體程式進行資料分析，以人數、百分比瞭解受試幼兒在幼兒園班級中的同儕關係，並以平均數、標準差呈現受試幼兒外貌吸引的狀況。另外，以單因子變異數分析探究受試幼兒同儕關係與外貌吸引的關聯；而性別與年齡背景變項的分析，則以卡方檢定及獨立樣本t檢定分別就同儕關係、外貌吸引兩變項進行之。研究結果顯示，幼兒同儕關係與外貌吸引有顯著關聯，說明幼兒不同的同儕關係類別，其外貌吸引力有所不同。受歡迎的幼兒，易被同儕評定為外貌具吸引力的人；而被拒絕的幼兒，通常易被同儕評量其外貌吸引力低。在性別差異上，男、女皆達到顯著；被拒絕的幼兒，男生百分比高於女生，外貌吸引的得分，女生高於男生。另外，年齡在受試幼兒的同儕關係、外貌吸引上則無顯著差異。

關鍵字

同儕關係；外貌吸引

並列摘要

Peer relationships play an important role in children’s overall development. Many studies have pointed out that an attractive face is one of the characteristics of the popular individual. This study aims to discuss the association of peer relationship and facial attractiveness between preschool children, and further analysis of their difference in terms of age and sex. The subjects were 138 preschooler, 73 boys and 65 girls, who attended a mixed-age class in a public preschool located in Taipei Daan district, Wenshan district, Zhongshan district and Beitou district. There were 46 four-year old children and 92 five-year old children. In this study, researcher used picture sociometric interview and children’s appearance investigation as a method to collect children’s social status and facial attractiveness data. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Children’s social status in class was showed in percentage and the distribution of children’s facial attractiveness was showed in terms of mean value and standard deviation. On the other hand, One-way ANOVA was used to examine the association of children’s peer relationships and facial attractiveness. Chi-square test and Independent t test were also used to assess the difference in terms of age and sex. It was found that, facial attractiveness were significantly related to children’s peer relationships, it indicates that children with different category peer relationship have different facial attractiveness. In peer assessment, popular children were more attractive, and unpopular children were less attractive. Besides, there was a significant difference between boys and girls, most of the unpopular children were boys and the girls generally get higher score of facial attractiveness than boys. There was no age difference in terms of peer relationships and facial attractiveness.