牡丹古謠隊演唱之歌謠與文化保存

本論文旨在記錄牡丹古謠隊與牡丹村音樂及文化的保存與復興。以牡丹古謠隊為出發點，探討其生成的源起、熟成的經過，以及至今的運作現況。詳實記錄古謠隊的練習過程與歷年演出，並將他們所演唱的曲目系統整理與分析，在這當中歸納出牡丹村的歌謠特色，與文本相互參照，意在協助部落保存珍貴的古謠，同時也是記錄古謠背後與牡丹部落息息相關的文化脈絡，因為音樂即生活，兩者關係密不可分。另外，也藉由古謠隊對於歌謠的保存，對「傳統」與「文化保存」等概念進行討論，並提出保存牡丹古謠隊與其歌謠的必要性。從古謠隊加以延伸，討論所屬族群排灣族、所在地牡丹村的變遷與文化特色。而牡丹在地理位置上的偏遠，形成的文化與外界所認知的排灣族有所差異，因此牡丹村有其與眾不同的特殊性。以部落的文化保存現況來說，傳統文化正在流失，而牡丹古謠隊在這個方面扮演了非常重要的「承先啟後」之角色。它記載的是過去的歷史變遷與記憶，是古謠隊隊員們從小對於生活與部落的回憶；同時，它的運作與演出，也讓部落族人重新看見牡丹，激發大家對於歌謠傳唱，甚至是整個牡丹及鄰近地區的文化保存，有了更積極的作為，因此古謠隊開啟了大家對於文化保存的重視與實踐，逐漸影響著整個部落的價值觀。所以，古謠隊的歌謠是時代變遷下的結果，而古謠隊之行動與傳承的概念則是在時代變遷下，促使大家更珍視傳統文化的一股力量。本文的最終目的，乃是希望藉由田野採集的學術成果，積極回饋牡丹部落，除了感謝族人對於本研究的協助與鼓勵，更是因為牡丹古謠隊與其歌謠非常具有保存的必要性，因此內文提出三個實際的做法，包含將牡丹古謠隊的介紹與影片系統化的整理並放在網路上供更多人欣賞與了解、將所採集到的歌謠整理成兼具樂譜與歌詞的完整歌本，以及協助古謠隊錄製專輯等。這些做法並非憑空想像，而是在田野調查的過程中，持續與族人進行討論的內容。雖然看起來並不是非常大的工程，但是對於古謠隊與其歌謠，乃至於整個牡丹部落的宣傳與文化保存和傳承這方面，應具有相當的實質效益。

關鍵字

原住民；排灣族；牡丹村；牡丹古謠隊；歌謠；文化保存；傳承

並列摘要

In this thesis, I would like to discuss the reservation and reconstruction of traditional songs and culture in Sinvaudjan, a Paiwan indigenous tribe in the hill of southern Taiwan. Focusing on the traditional singing group of Sinvaudjan, I disscuss its origin, process of transformation, and situation from the past to now. The recording and analysis of their songs help me generalize the characteristics of traditional songs in Sinvaudjan. I found that music is produced in response to different time and space. Thus, the purpose of preserving traditional songs is not only to preserve the form of music, but also reserve the history behind the music. By bringing its transformation into the context, I try to connect music with time and space, which would indicate my argument that music, society and culture are closely related, and music cannot merely exist without context. The alteration of society may result in music transformation. I also find that there are some unchanged elements through the process of music transformation, which urge me to think about how to define “tradition” and the purpose of reservation. The traditional singing group plays an extremely important role in the situation of cultural reservation of the tribe. It records the changes in the history and the memories of the elderly; simultaneously, it’s practices and performances catch people’s sight, inspire the tribe and nearby area to reserve their own culture more actively, and affect their values of culture reservation. The songs of the traditional singing group are the results of social transformation and the group’s concept of reservation, to some extent, encourage people to cherish the traditional culture under social change. The final purpose of this thesis is to give the tribe Sinvaudjan feedback by helping the tribe with the traditional songs reservation and reconstruction. I propose three practical methods: setting up web pages introducing the traditional singing group and its songs; organizing the songs I collected and publishing a song book; recording an album. I believe that these methods could actually help the tribe preserve their traditional songs and promote the cultural reservation and inheritance.