學校執行競爭型計畫之政策工具選擇探究－以臺北市高中職課程與教學領先計畫為例

競爭型計畫在近年來不斷被運用在教育領域，政府為達資源的有效利用，鼓勵學校參與競爭型計畫，本研究旨在學校執行競爭型計畫的情形，並以政策工具理論為基礎，意在了解學校會選擇哪些政策工具以達成計畫目標。為聚焦討論，本研究以臺北市公私立高中職課程與教學領先計畫為研究對象。本研究以文件分析法與質性訪談法為主要研究方法，並借用政策工具理論，將學校執行領先計畫所選擇的政策工具分為：命令、誘因、能力建構及系統變遷等四類工具。研究發現學校在執行領先計畫時，會使用不同的工具達成特定的目標，而影響工具選擇的因素包括：對象特性、計畫執行的次級目標及學校執行能力。而不同工具的成效及挑戰包括：命令工具有助於明訂規範，但容易造成教師反彈；誘因工具有助於改善教學環境，但會面臨資源分配的挑戰；能力建構工具有助於教師增能，但部分機制難以落實；系統變遷工具能夠使學校凝聚能量，但容易佔據教師過多時間。最後針對學校使用政策工具以及政府推動競爭型計畫提出相關建議。

關鍵字

政策工具；競爭型計畫；領先計畫

並列摘要

Educational competitive program has been used a lot in recent years. The government encourages schools to apply for those competitive programs to make the limited resource more effectively used. This study examines how schools implement the competitive programs. “The Curriculum and Instruction Pioneering Project in Taipei Senior and Vocational High Schools” was chosen as the subject of this study. Documentary research and interview method were used as the primary method for research. Theories of policy instruments were applied to examine the policy tool schools used for implementing competitive programs. Major policy instruments includes mandates, inducements, capacity building and system changing. The findings of this study include: a) Schools would choose different tools to accomplish different missions. b) The factors that affect the choice of policy instrument include characteristics of the subject, sub-target of the project and the implementation ability of schools. c) The effect and the challenge of different instruments include: i. Mandates could help the schools to set the rules, but it would sometime causes the backlash of teachers. ii. Induncements is helpful when it comes to improve the teaching facilities, but the schools would have to face the challenge of resources allocation. iii. Capacity Building is capable of empowering the teachers’ professional knowledge and ability, while in some case it is hard to yield the desired effect. iv. System Changing could help the schools to consolidate the energy of the teacher, while it would sometime occupy them too many time. Suggestions of how the school could use the policy instruments and how the government should design and implement the competitive program are provided at the end of the study.