大專競技啦啦隊中家長式領導之探討

A study of paternalistic leadership in college cheerleading

王譯霆(Wang Yi-Ting)

指導教授 ： 鄭志富

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.DPE.007.2019.F03

摘要

競技啦啦隊是一項重視團隊、精神以及安全的運動，教練在團隊中能透過領導引領選手，達到管理團隊的作用讓團隊往正確的方向前進。由於競技啦啦隊起源於美國，過去競技啦啦隊領導相關研究大多以西方領導理論做探討，研究者認為在競技啦啦隊進入華人地區與華人文化交互影響後，應有不同的面貌。因此，以華人家長式領導理論為理論基礎，並以立意取樣方式選取國內具代表性之大專冠軍隊伍為研究對象，選取競技啦啦隊所區分的各個位置之選手各一位，以及該隊的兩位教練，共6位進行深度訪談，以瞭解競技啦啦隊中的家長式領導現況。
本研究以家長式領導為理論基礎，在家長式領導的威權、仁慈以及才德三個構面之下又細分為專權、尚嚴、訓練照顧、生活照顧、才能以及德行的次構面，以分析競技啦啦隊中的家長式領導。研究結果如下：一、競技啦啦隊之家長式領導中，教練若展現過多專權領導或是對每位選手的專權領導行為不一致，容易引起選手的不滿。二、競技啦啦隊中家長式領導的威權、仁慈以及才德皆會互相影響以及調和，唯獨專權領導中的貶抑訓斥行為不受才德領導影響。三、教練若利用家長式領導要求選手在競技啦啦隊中的安全性、態度精神以及全面訓練，即便是教練展現較多專權行為，選手也較不會感到不滿。最後根據結果提出以下建議：在實務上，建議教練盡量以尚嚴領導的方式約束選手，並展現較多的仁慈領導以及才德領導；在學術上，建議後續研究者能繼續以華人的領導理論研究競技啦啦隊其他層級的隊伍，期許未來可以有不同的研究發現或是能找到更多在競技啦啦隊中獨有的特性。

關鍵字

競技啦啦隊 ； 家長式領導 ； 選手

並列摘要

Cheerleading is a sport that emphasizes teamwork, spirit, and safety. By providing proper guidance to cheerleaders, a coach has the ability to lead a team toward the right direction using their leadership skills. As cheerleading originates from the United States, much of the research related to leadership in cheerleading is conducted based on Western leadership theories. Nonetheless, the researcher believes that the introduction of cheerleading into Chinese societies and the interaction of the sport with Chinese culture have had an influence on cheerleading. To further examine this phenomenon, the researcher conducted a study based on Chinese paternalistic leadership theories and recruited a cheerleading team, who won the college cheerleading championship, as research subjects. The study recruited six subjects in total, including one person from each cheerleading role and two coaches of the team, using purposive sampling. Through in-depth interviews with the subjects, the study sought to understand paternalistic leadership found in cheerleading.
The study uses paternalistic leadership as the theoretical framework. The three constructs of paternalistic leadership, including authority, benevolence, and moral leadership, are further divided into sub-constructs, such as Juan-chiuan, Shang-yan, training- and life-oriented considerate behaviors, talents, and morality, which are then used to analyze paternalistic leadership in cheerleading. The research findings are as follows: 1) As far as paternalistic leadership in cheerleading is concerned, if the leadership style of a coach leans toward Juan-chiuan, or the Juan-chiuan behavior of a coach toward each team member is inconsistent, team members may show discontent. 2) Authority, benevolence, and moral leadership underlining paternalistic leadership in cheerleading are behaviors that influence each other and blend together. The only Juan-chiuan behavior that is not affected by moral leadership is admonishment. 3) If a coach demands that the team work on improving safety, team spirit, and overall performance, meaning if a coach displays more Juan-chiuan behavior, team members will be more likely to feel discontent. The study proposes the following suggestions based on the research findings. It is recommended that a coach adopt a Shang-yan leadership style to manage a team while showing more benevolent and moral leadership behavior. From an academic perspective, it is suggested that future research continue to examine cheerleading teams of different tiers based on Chinese leadership theories. It is hoped that future research will obtain different findings or uncover more characteristics of cheerleading.

並列關鍵字

cheerleading ； paternalistic leadership ； athletes

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