陸生來臺跨文化適應與社會支持之初探

自2011年台灣開放陸生來臺就學以來，已近八年的歷史，許多陸生都在高中畢業後來到台灣這樣一個既熟悉又陌生的環境求學，而大陸與台灣在文化上又有諸多不同，因此陸生必然會經歷跨文化適應的過程，而本研究主要想探討，在此適應過程中，陸生在跨文化適應中面臨的困難為何、在適應過程中社會支持狀況為何，以及社會支持在其跨文化適應歷程當中起到的作用為何。因此，研究者在台北及台南招募受訪者，共計募得六位大學生作為受訪者接受訪談，採用質性研究的方法，進行半結構式的訪談，研究發現： 1、陸生在臺跨文化適應大都經歷蜜月期、文化震動期以及文化適應期三個階段。 2、多數陸生在飲食、風俗習慣、語言、學習、交通以及休閒娛樂上都有所不適應，而陸生在臺適應較為困難的則是政治層面的適應。 3、社會支持對陸生在臺跨文化適應有著極大的促進作用，在臺社會支持愈佳的陸生，其適應狀況也愈好。

關鍵字

陸生；跨文化適應；社會支持

並列摘要

Taiwan has accepted mainland Chinese students to pursue academic degrees since 2011. Many mainland Chinese students graduated from high school and went to Taiwan to study. Although mainland China and Taiwan are two Chinese societies, they still have many cultural differences. Mainland Chinese students inevitably experienced the process of cross-cultural adjustment. The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) the difficulties faced by mainland Chinese students, (2) types of social support they had, and (3) functions of social support for reducing the cross-cultural stresses. Six college students from the northern/southern part of Taiwan were interviewed. The in-depth interviews were conducted. The major research findings as follows: 1、To some extent, all the mainland Chinese students experienced three stages of adjustment process as undergraduates. 2、The difficulties during the adjustment process varied in terms of food, customs, languages, academic learning, transportations, and recreations. The political issues between two straits were also the obstacles of social adjustment for Chinese students. 3、The strong and positive social support did help Chinese students in Taiwan. It shows that the stronger and more positive social support, the better adjustment.