婚姻態度、教育程度、經濟條件與高齡產婦對臺灣女性的生育意願之影響

臺灣少子化的現象已逐年加劇，少子化將帶來的不僅是經濟層面的問題，亦是維安層面的問題；而多數國人受高等教育普及與追求良好的經濟條件之影響，導致婚姻與生育步調逐年延後，接踵而來的是遲育情況將會越來越嚴重，甚至會造成「臺灣假性生育下降」；除此之外，除了本身受到教育與經濟影響，導致的不願意生育外，遲育也將使婦女受限於身體老化而無法生育，以上無論自願性或非自願性的不育，最後都將使「臺灣實質生育下降」。當遲育已成為事實，又該透過哪些行為扭轉臺灣的低生育率？對此，本文透過個體與總體層進行多層次模型分析，探討影響臺灣低生育率的重要因素，其中個體層面在研究結果中顯示，當女性為未婚者、教育程度越低、經濟條件越差，與身為高齡產婦時，其生育意願越低，而總體層面中唯有納入托育機構總數此變數後的生育津貼補助對生育意願有正向的影響性，說明生育津貼補助額越高則該地區女性越具有生育意願。整體研究結果顯示，本文探討之個體層面變數皆符合本研究所提出之假設，然而總體層面僅生育津貼補助符合假設，故建議後續相關研究可著重在總體環境，期待找尋出更多造就臺灣生育率下降的原因。

關鍵字

生育意願；婚姻態度；教育程度；經濟條件；高齡產婦

並列摘要

The phenomenon of declining birthrates in Taiwan has increased year by year. The declining birthrates will bring not only economic problems but also peacekeeping issues. Most people are affected by the popularization of higher education and the pursuit of good economic conditions, leading to marriage and childbirth is delayed year by year, and the infertility situation will be more and more serious, and it will even cause“Taiwan's false birth decline.”In addition to this, besides being unwilling to bear children due to her own education and economic , tempo effect will also limit women's aging and prevent fertility. The above-mentioned infertility, whether voluntary or involuntary, will eventually cause “substantial fertility decline in Taiwan.” In this regard, this article explores the important factors affecting Taiwan’s low fertility rate through a multi-level model of the individual level and the macro-level. Among them, the lower the childbirth willingness of the individual level shows in the research results that when women are unmarried, the lower the education level, the worse the economic conditions, and the elderly women. The lower the maternity allowance subsidy after the variable of the total number of childcare institutions is included in the overall level. This means that the higher the maternity allowance subsidy women in the region are more willing to have children.