國中生外顯與內隱自尊及幽默風格之相關研究

本研究主旨在檢視外顯自尊與內隱自尊為相同或相異的構念，並將分別檢視外顯自尊與內隱自尊和幽默風格間的關係。研究對象為台灣地區台中市國民中學104位二年級學生（男生51人、女生53人），研究工具為自尊量表（SES）、中文版幽默風格量表（HSQ-TC）、內隱自尊的姓名促發作業。資料處理採用描述統計、Pearson積差相關、階層迴歸分析外顯自尊、內隱自尊與四種幽默風格間的關係。研究結果如下：1. 外顯自尊與內隱自尊無相關，支持外顯自尊和內隱自尊為不同構念的假設。2. 外顯自尊與四種幽默風格之相關情形：外顯自尊與親和型、自我提升型幽默風格呈正相關，與攻擊型幽默風格無相關，與自我貶抑型幽默風格呈負相關。本研究結果與過去研究結果相同。3. 內隱自尊與四種幽默風格之相關情形：內隱自尊與親和型、自我提升型、攻擊型幽默風格無相關，與自我貶抑型幽默風格呈正相關。4. 本研究之重要發現為自我貶抑型幽默風格與外顯自尊呈負相關，但卻與內隱自尊呈正相關。5. 以階層迴歸控制性別與年齡變項，發現對於親和型、自我提升型幽默風格，外顯自尊有顯著正向預測效果，內隱自尊無顯著預測效果；對於攻擊型幽默風格，外顯自尊、內隱自尊皆無顯著預測效果；對於自我貶抑型幽默風格，外顯自尊有顯著負向預測效果，內隱自尊有顯著正向預測效果。上述階層迴歸分析結果與相關分析結果一致。6. 進一步分析發現，「內隱自尊Z分數減去外顯自尊Z分數所得之差值」與親和型、自我提升型幽默風格呈負相關，與自我貶抑型幽默風格呈正相關。最後，依據本研究結果進行討論、提出建議，以作為未來研究之參考。

關鍵字

外顯自尊；內隱自尊；幽默風格；自我貶抑型幽默風格

並列摘要

The main purposes of this research were to investigate whether explicit and implicit self-esteem are the same construct or not, and to explore the humor styles and their correlations with explicit and implicit self-esteem separately. The subjects were 104 junior high school students who were in their second grade and included 51 boys and 53 girls. All the subjects were studying in Taichung, Taiwan. The research tools included Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES), the traditional Chinese version of the humor styles questionnaire (HSQ-TC), and the name priming task of implicit self-esteem. The statistical methods used to analyze the relations between explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and four humor styles were Descriptive Statistics, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results of this research were summarized as follows: 1. There is no correlation between explicit and implicit self-esteem, supporting the hypothesis that explicit and implicit self-esteem are different constructs. 2. The correlations between explicit self-esteem and four humor styles: Explicit self-esteem is positively correlated with affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor. It is not correlated with aggressive humor, and negatively correlated with self-defeating humor. These results are consistent with the outcomes from the previous research. 3. The correlations between implicit self-esteem and four humor styles: Implicit self-esteem is not correlated with affiliative humor, self-enhancing humor, and aggressive humor, but it is positively correlated with self-defeating humor. 4. The most important finding of this research is that self-defeating humor is negatively correlated with explicit self-esteem, but it is positively correlated with implicit self-esteem. 5. Hierarchical Regression Analysis was used to control the effects of gender and age. The results demonstrated that explicit self-esteem has positive predictable effect on affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor, but implicit self-esteem doesn't have any significant predictable effect on them. Neither explicit self-esteem nor implicit self-esteem has any significant predictable effect on aggressive humor. Explicit self-esteem has negative predictable effect on self-defeating humor, but implicit self-esteem has positive predictable effect on self-defeating humor. These results are consistent with the abovementioned outcomes of Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. 6. According to the further studies, the value of the z-score of implicit self-esteem minus the z-score of explicit self-esteem is negatively correlated with affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor, but it is positively correlated with self-defeating humor. Finally, the researcher led discussions and raised suggestions based on the findings of this research for further studies.