整合環境保育與地景生態之土地利用變遷評估模式建構：以大肚臺地為例

本研究的主要目的，係在研究如何建構一個整合環境保育與地景生態之土地利用變遷評估模式。在本文中地景生態取向的保育課題，透過地景生態學以及環境保育學的理論渠流，而被匯掘出來。越來越多的環境保育研究及方案，聚焦在空間化保育的議題，同時也有愈多的地景生態研究，討論如何以更空間思考的方式來進行保育。本研究呈現出人為活動與自然環境共同發展出的第二自然空間，如何回應人類活動所造成的衝擊。運用數值地理資料與地理資訊系統工具設計一個經驗研究，分析並詮釋大肚臺地在2003年至2014年土地利用變遷的過程，並進一步建立其評估模式。研究的尺度在一個小地形區，約莫168平方公里尺度的地形區作為研究的範圍，時間尺度則是以約一個12年左右工業區開發的歷程作為時間軸的變遷範圍。在本研究中以地形學為自然舞台的基石，以此作為切入的觀點來整合探討都市發展的介入，地景的改變及其所造成的水文變化。文中發現人工建物的嵌塊體、形狀指標等地景生態指標與水文系統具高度的相關性，並印證呈現在實際的淹水地點。本研究進一步論證，大肚臺地緩坡段的都市發展對於地景結構的擾動持續進行，逐漸改變水文系統的特性，在淹水地區的次集水生態域超過了保水流失的門檻值。而本研究亦提供保育介入的時間空間方法，因地景生態指標、水文指標均提供空間結構變化的資訊，以及生態系統服務功能量化改變的呈現，使得適時適地的保育得以介入，避免地景被過度擾動及利用。本研究最後強調一種保育化的地景生態學研究實踐。大肚臺地做為經驗研究的設計，即是嘗試以此一新的土地利用變遷評估模式描繪出可操作的空間保育研究模式。

關鍵字

環境保育；地景生態；土地利用變遷評估模式；大肚臺地

並列摘要

The purpose of the dissertation is to design a model of land-use change assessment based on environmental conservation and landscape ecology. The approach of landscape ecology-oriented conservation discourses is delineated by two theoretical channels including landscape ecology, and environmental conservation. More environmental conservation theories and strategies focus on ecological and sustainable issues and more ecologial studies discuss how to conserve by spatial thinking. This dissertaton presents human-induced “second nature” responses to the impact of human actions. This paper collect digital geographic data and GIS tools to design an empirical study analyzing and interpreting the spatial process of Taichung’s Datu tableland in 2003 to 2014. The scale of the research extends across a kilometers-wide geomorphological region and over 10 years. The perspective of geomorphology is adopted here as the natural base and the three processes: urban development disturbance, land mosaic change and its hydrological effect are integrated in this view. Dividing Datu tableland to three subwatersheds and ninety sub-hydroulogical and ecological units makes the distribution of the changing of landuse meaningful. It indicates landscapes effect hydrological index actually. The result shows that the variety of Patches’ number, Patch Area, Patch Perimeter of human construction effect potential maximum retention amount in different spatial and time scales. The approach for the model of land use change assessment in this study shows the geo-visualization of landscape changes and the anticipated benefits for ecological monitoring and flood reduction by water storage facilities may be also received. In the end, this paper emphasizes a conservation-oriented landscape ecology research practice. As the design of empirical research, the study of the Datu tableland is an attempt to use this new model of land-use change assessment to construct a model of operational spatial conservation research.