2016奧運女子跆拳道得分率與臺灣優秀女子選手前腳勾踢動作分析

跆拳道（Taekwondo）是奧運會的正式比賽項目，同時也為臺灣亞運和奧運的重點奪金項目，勾踢技術是新規則以及電子護具產生後的一項新的得分技術，現被越來越多的選手用於實際比賽中。目的：本研究旨在分析2016年里約奧運女子跆拳道競賽得分統計與臺灣優秀女子選手勾踢技術的動作特徵與差異，及其生物力學參數對踢擊表現之影響，以作為勾踢動作訓練及指導之參考依據。方法：本研究以2016奧運女子49、67公斤級比賽錄影作為得分技術統計並予以分析。以12名臺灣女子跆拳道優秀選手為受試對象（年齡：21.6±3.7歲；身高：171.3±5.8公分；體重：60.6±8.6公斤；訓練年限：11.8±3.7年）。利用兩臺德國制KISTLER 9281(60x40)測力板兩塊（1000HZ），十部VICON高速攝影機（200HZ）和KP&P電子護具，同步收集受試者左右腳、中端上端動作過程中運動學和動力學資料。統計方法主要以SPSS22.0相依樣本二因數變異數分析方式來進行統計，若相互作用未達顯著則進行單純主要效果分析做考驗，相關檢定各運動學和動力學參數對踢擊表現之影響。結果：一、2016奧運女子49、67公斤級選手的得分技術統計，選手勾踢使用率僅次於橫踢、側踢、下劈。二、動作完成時間方面：前腳勾踢中端明顯大於上端，而左右腳之間無明顯差異。三、攻擊高度方面：中端平均高度左腳1.20±0.05m，右腳1.27±0.16m。上端平均高度左腳1.66±0.04m，右腳1.62±0.05m。四、攻擊腳關節角速度方面：左腳勾踢關節活動角度大於右腳，右腳勾踢上端動作時關節活動角度較其他相比最小，在踢擊時膝關節達到最大值所用時間上明顯看出，左腳中端所用時間最短，而其他無明顯差異。五、中端高度小於上端高度，踢擊力量右腳大於左腳。六、前腳左右腳勾踢上端要明顯大於左右腳中端，根據踢擊高度的不同，上端動作踢擊時重心偏向支撐腳，所需要的力量也不同。結論：在現在國際比賽中運用勾踢技術已經成為一種趨勢，隨著規則和護具的改變，技戰術要求，勾踢技術也會成為主流得分技術。

關鍵字

跆拳道；前腳勾踢； 2016年里約奧運；運動學；動力學

並列摘要

Taekwondo is the official event of the Olympic Games, but also a focus on the gold project in the Asian Games and the Olympic Games. Hook kick is a new scoring technology after the emerge of a new rule and electronic protective equipment, which is now more and more used in the actual game by the players. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the scores of the Olympic women's taekwondo competition in 2016 and the action characteristics and differences of the excellent women's gambling skills in Taiwan as a training and guidance Reference. Methods: This study took 2016 Olympic women's 49 and 67 kg video as a scoring technique and analyzed them. 12 Taiwanese women taekwondo excellent players (Age: 21.6 ± 3.7 years old; height: 171.3 ± 5.8 cm; weight: 60.6 ± 8.6 kg; training period: 11.8 ± 3.7 years) were recruited as subjects. Two KISTLER 9281 (60x40) force plates (1000HZ), ten VICON high speed cameras (200HZ) and KP & P electronic protective gears were used to collect the kinematics and kinetics data during kicking process of the left and right feet at truck and head. 2 way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was set at .05. Results: First, 2016 Olympic women 49, 67 kg class scoring technology statistics, players hook kick usage only bellowed e kick, side kick, under the split. Second, the time of the action to complete: the front foot hook kick significantly higher than the upper end, and no significant difference between the left and right feet.Third, the attack height: the average height of the left foot was 0 ± 0.05m and the average height of the right foot was 1.27 ± 0.16m. The average height of the upper end of the left foot was 1.66 ± 0.04m and the average height of right foot was 1.62 ± 0.05m. Fourth, the attack foot joint’s angular speed: the left foot hook kick joint’s movement angle was greater than the right foot, when the right foot hook kick the top, the joint movement angle was smaller than the other. the left foot in the end uses the shortest time which can be seen by the time used by the knee to reach the maximum value, while no significant difference in other aspects. Fifth, the attack height and kicking strength: the height of the middle was less than the top, the kicking power of the right foot was greater than the left foot. Sixth, the ground reaction force: the front of left and right foot to kick the top to be significantly larger than the left and right feet in the end, according to the different height of the kick, when the top kicks, the center of gravity slants to the support foot, the required strength was also different. Conclusion: In today's international competition, the use of hook kicking technology has become a trend. With the changes of rules and protective gear, technical and tactical requirements, hook kicking technology will become the mainstream scoring technology.