中國大陸職業教育與培訓之研究

中共建國以來，尢其是改革開放近40年，職業教育博採眾長，在借鑒德國的“雙元制”職業教育、澳大利亞的繼續與技術教育、加拿大和美國的社區學院教育等多種職業教育模式的基礎上，逐步走出了一條具有中國大陸社會主義特色的職業教育發展之路。在職業教育辦學模式、管理機制、發展理念、投資制度、人才培養模式等方面形成了一整套職業教育發展的體系和機制，為中國大陸政經社文發展培養了一大批高素質的技能型人才，取得了很大成就。然而，與當前經濟社會發展的需求相比，職業教育的發展理念相對陳舊，人才培養模式缺乏創新，治理思路相對薄弱，層次結構不相對應，基礎制度不完善，國際化程度不高，職業教育體系還不能有效地跟進經濟發展轉變的需求，不能很好地調適中國大陸參與日益激烈的國際競爭的挑戰，不能更好地調適建設中國特色社會主義職業教育與培訓體系的期盼。本研究希望通過對中國大陸職業教育體系的探析，全面梳理出職業教育與培訓政策現況、面臨問題、發展前景，並吸納國內外經驗，最後提出研究結論與對策建議，比如，建構理實一體的五合一專業建設教學體系、形塑四位一體的支撐體系執行策略、產學訓研創五位聯盟的職業培訓機制，在專業建設與產業需求對接、課程內容與職業標準對接、教學過程與生產過程對接、畢業證書與職業資格證書對接、職業教育與終身學習對接的基礎上，總結提出職業教育與培訓之發展挑戰、趨勢與發展策略。以提供在政府決策、學術研究與教育教學實踐運作上有益的參考。關鍵字：職業教育、職業培訓、專業建設、校企合作、理實一體

關鍵字

職業教育；職業培訓；專業建設；校企合作；理實一體

並列摘要

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, especially the reform and opening up policy over the past 40 years, occupation education learned widely from others' strong points. On the basis of the "dual system" occupation education of Germany, the technology and continuing education of Australia, the community college education of the US and Canada, and many other occupation education modes, China gradually created an own development way of occupation education with Chinese socialist characteristics. In the aspect of school mode, management mechanism, development concept, investment system, and personnel training mode, China has formed a system and mechanism of occupation education development and cultivated a large number of high-quality skilled talents for the China’s society, political, and economic development, thus has made great achievements. However, compared with the current economic and social development needs, the development concept of occupation education is relatively old, the personnel training mode is lack of innovation, the idea of governance is relatively weak, the hierarchy does not correspond, the foundation system is not perfect as well as the degree of internationalization is not high. The occupation education system can not effectively follow up the transformation of the economic development needs, and can not properly adjust to the participation in the increasingly fierce international competition challenge, and can not well adapt to the expectations to build the modern socialist vocational education and training system with Chinese characteristics. The study hopes that through the analysis of Chinese occupation education system, can comprehensively combine the status of occupation education and training policy, problems that were faced, and the development prospects, and can absorb the experience at home and abroad, and finally puts forward the conclusion and suggestions. for example, to integrate academic theory with practice to construct five in one professional instruction system; to shape up four in one supporting system implementation strategy; adopt the five in one vocational training mechanism including industry , school , training, research, and innovation. Based on the docking of the specialty construction and industrial demand, the teaching contents and professional standards, the process of education and production, the graduate certificate and professional qualification, the occupation education and life-long learning, then summarizes the development challenges, trends, and the development strategies of the occupation education and training. In order to provide useful reference for government in decision-making, academic research, and the practice of education and teaching. Key words: vocational education, vocational training, professional construction, school-enterprise cooperation, integration of science and Practice