國軍眷村改建政策之研究

「國軍眷村」係民國38年政府自大陸播遷來臺，為安頓當時隨軍遷徙的軍眷所形成的群居環境，為我國特有的居住型態。歷經接收日遺建築、臨時克難搭建配住、職務官舍及輔導購宅等措施，隨社會環境變遷，遍布全臺各地眷村因都市發展與眷戶生活實需，在政府軍眷照顧政策下，啟動眷村重建與改建兩大進程，逐漸將簡陋破舊木造平房更新為眷宅社區，尤其民國85年立法通過「國軍老舊眷村改建條例」，更讓眷村環境邁向全面改善的新階段，發揮眷村土地與不適用營地運用效益及帶動經濟發展。眷村改建乃國防部主導、行政院相關部會與地方政府配合運作之多效益公共政策。惟眷改規劃原以民國94年完成，實務上卻多次呈報行政院核定展延，至民國102年完成眷村改(遷)建、106年完成土地處理；復再考量實際執行與後續收尾及眷村土地活化等事項，再奉行政院核准展延將，土地活化(含土地處理與眷村文化)延至民國124年。眷改推動期程展延，讓外界對眷改政策執行成效產生疑義。本研究以筆者實際參與眷改事務，歷經眷村重建、改建等兩階段涉獵，藉實務經驗與訪談者回饋意見，歸納分析彙整造成眷改政策執行延遲的窒礙問題與組織效能。另就眷改推動後期之眷村文化保存興起，也探究眷改任務屆止後之軍眷服務轉型及眷村資源活化再利用等面向，提出國防部應借鏡眷改推動延宕肇因，宜職能轉換以策略指導位階，整合本身人、物力資源與地方政府促進合作機制，並鼓勵民間參與協力推動，讓國軍眷村資源充分運用，並兼顧軍人與軍眷照顧服務，讓軍人安家、軍眷安心、部隊安全，助益國軍募兵制推動，達成全民國防目標，確保國家人民之安全福祉。

關鍵字

眷村重建；眷村改建；軍眷服務；眷村文化

並列摘要

Military Dependents’ Villages(MDV), unique communities in Taiwan, were formed for the purpose of settling military dependents who retreated along with ROC Armed Forces from mainland China to Taiwan in 1949. They have undergone the measures of taking over Japanese Government Quarters, temporary habitation, official quarters, and housing assistance. Along with changes in the social environment and because of urban development and military dependents’ living requirements, MDV all over Taiwan started rebuilding and reconstruction processes according to government’s military dependents care policy. Those old and poorly constructed wooden houses were gradually renovated and formed new military dependents’ communities. Especially the legislature passed Statute Governing Reconstruction of Old Military Dependents’ Villages in 1996, which created a new stage of making overall improvement to environments of MDV, upgrading the benefits of MDV’ land and unavailable base camps utilization, and promoting economic development. MDV reconstruction is a multi-effect public policy, which is dominated by the Ministry of National Defense cooperating with all relevant authorities of Executive Yuan and local governments. However, all processes of MDV reconstruction were originally planned to be accomplished in 2005. After reporting to Executive Yuan for approval, MDV reconstruction was accomplished in 2013 and land disposal will be accomplished in 2017. Considering actual execution, finalization and MDV land activation, the processes of land activation, land disposal and MDV culture will be accomplished in 2036. Because of postponement of the MDV reconstruction processes, the execution efficiency of MDV Reconstruction policy is in doubt externally. The author of this study has actually participated in MDV reconstruction affairs and has experienced MDV rebuilding and reconstruction. On the basis of practical experience and survey feedback from interviewees, the difficulties in executing the policy and organizational effectiveness have been concluded, analyzed and collected. Furthermore, the MDV Culture preservation, Military Dependents’ Service transformation, and MDV resources activation and reutilization have been researched and included in this study. The Ministry of National Defense should learn a lesson from postponement of the MDV reconstruction, transform its position to perform strategy guidance, implement human and material resources integration, cooperate with local governments, and encourage civic participation. Those will fully utilize the MDV resources, give consideration to military personnel and dependents services, military family support, and troop safety, benefit voluntary military service system, achieve all-out defense concepts, and finally ensure national security and the people’s welfare.