平面設計學習與知識信念之研究

設計者常會運用設計思考、觀察、設計管理、溝通協調及創意發想等能力。設計學科相較於其他學科，特別之處在於設計者獲取知識的方式來自於參與及反思所獲得的經驗。設計通常可以從多個不同角度思考與執行，並且一般認為沒有標準答案。當設計者越能意識到自身背景下的內在優勢和適當性，就越能激發與展現設計的可能性與獨特性。知識信念(Epistemic Beliefs)是學習者對知識的基本假設，這些會使學習者採用特定觀點與角度來看待知識，進而影響他的學習表現。知識信念在科學、教育等領域中已有不少研究，但在設計領域中尚少被應用。本研究之目在於將知識信念框架應用於平面設計領域，探討平面設計者對平面設計知識信念之看法以及平面設計學習者的設計學習經驗、投入程度與知識信念各個構面間的關係。本研究以平面設計領域學習者作為研究對象，以知識信念應用在其他領域的相關文獻，作為本論文研究設計理論基礎，實施問卷調查法。本研究之重要發現如下：平面設計學習者的設計知識主要是從課本或書籍、專家獲得，且其知識會隨時間改變。平面設計學習者認為設計知識與知識間是相互關聯、設計技能與知識的提升需要時間累積。平面設計學習者對於自己判斷並解決設計問題的能力仍存疑。學習設計的經驗越豐富，越可能相信權威所傳授的知識、認為設計能力能夠後天練習而獲得。並且在經驗豐富後，更能針對問題提出良好的設計方案。對設計的投入程度越高，更偏向認為知識是會變更且無固定標準的、且偏向認為學習的歷程是要慢慢累積；並認為設計能力能透過後天努力而成長，在提出設計方案時也越可能做出更好的決策與作品。

關鍵字

知識信念；平面設計；設計教育

並列摘要

Designers often use design thinking, observation, design management, communication and coordination, as well as creative thinking ability. Compared with other subjects, design is special in the way designers acquire knowledge that comes from the experience gained by participation and reflection. Design is usually considered and implemented from many different point of view, and it is generally believed that there is no standard answer for a good design. When the designer is more aware of the inherent advantages and appropriateness of their own background, the more they can stimulate and show the possibility and uniqueness of design. Epistemic beliefs are learners' basic assumptions about knowledge, which will make learners view knowledge from certain perspectives, and then affect their learning performance. Epistemic Beliefs has been studied in science, education, and other fields, but few has been applied in the field of design. The purpose of this study is to apply Epistemic Beliefs framework to the field of graphic design, and to explore the views of graphic designers on Epistemic Beliefs of the subject, as well as the relationship between the design learning experience of graphic design learners, the degree of involvement and various aspects of Epistemic Beliefs. This research takes the graphic design field learners as the research object, takes the related literature of Epistemic Beliefs application in other fields as the theoretical basis of this paper, and implements them into the questionnaire survey as the method. The important findings of this study are as following. Firstly, the design knowledge of graphic design learners is mainly obtained from textbooks, books and experts, and their knowledge will change with time. Secondly, graphic design learners believe that design knowledge and knowledge are interrelated, and the improvement of design skills and knowledge needs time accumulation. Thirdly, graphic design learners still have doubts about their ability to judge and solve design problems. The more experience one have in learning design, the more likely he or she believe in the knowledge taught by the authority, and think that the design ability can be acquired through practice. And after having more experience, one is able to scheme a good plan to solve the design problem. Finally, the higher the degree of investment in design, the more likely to think that design knowledge is constantly developing and changing, and that knowledge is integrated with each other. Also, they believe that the design ability grows through the daily efforts. It is also more likely for them to make better decisions and works in design proposals.