高中體育班學生知覺教練削權動機氣候與心理堅韌性對競技倦怠之預測

The Prediction of Disempowering Motivational Climate and Mental Toughness on Athletic Burnout Among High School's Student-Athletes

毛嘉玲(Mao Chia-Ling)

指導教授 ： 季力康

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育與運動科學系運動科學碩士在職專班/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201121

摘要

本研究目的在於探討高中體育班學生的知覺教練削權動機氣候與心理堅韌性對競技倦怠之預測。方法：針對台北高中體育班學生採立意抽樣方式為研究對象，總計314位，男生為201位（64%）；女生為113位（36%），平均年齡為16.5±0.87歲。運動項目包含田徑、柔道、角力等運動種類。經參與者同意後填寫基本資料、削權動機氣候量表、特質心理堅韌性量表以及競技倦怠量表，並以描述性統計、皮爾遜積差相關與多元階層迴歸進行分析。研究結果：知覺教練削權動機氣候與整體競技倦怠及3個次構面（情緒與身體耗竭、減低成就感以及貶低運動）均呈現顯著正相關；心理堅韌性與整體競技倦怠及3個次構面均呈現顯著負相關。迴歸分析的結果顯示高中體育班學生的知覺教練削權動機氣候與心理韌性對競技倦怠具有顯著的預測力，總解釋變異量為 27%。結論與建議：本研究結果主要發現知覺教練削權動機氣候與心理堅韌性皆能預測高中體育班學生競技倦怠，提供前因變項重要的證據來源，在運動員知覺教練所塑造越高削權動機氣候，則競技倦怠也較高，另外高中體育班學生有較高的心理堅韌性時，相對其競技倦怠較低。建議高中競技教練減低塑造削權動機氣候，以及協助提升運動員心理堅韌性發展，以達到高中體育生心理健康減低競技倦怠產生。

關鍵字

情緒與身體耗竭 ； 減低成就感 ； 貶低運動

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive utility of high school athletes' perception of disempowering motivation climate and mental toughness on athletic burnout. Method: Participants were 314 high school student-athletes (201 males and 113 females) recruited from Taipei City by using the purposeful sampling method. Their average age was 16.5±0.87 years. Sports include track and field, judo, wrestling, and other sports. After received the informed-consent, participants were requested to complete a questionnaire which included the basic information, Trait Mental Toughness Inventory for Sport, Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire, and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Results: High school student-athletes’ perception of disempowering motivation climate was significantly positively correlated with competitive burnout and 3 subscales (physical/emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of achievement, and sport devaluation). Furthermore, mental toughness was significantly negatively correlated with competitive burnout and 3 subscales (physical/emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of achievement, and sport devaluation). The results of regression analyses showed that high school athletes’ perception of disempowering motivation climate and mental toughness had significant predictive power on competitive burnout. The total explained variance was 27%. Suggestions：This study provided the important evidence for antecedent variables in terms of predicting burnout. It is suggested that high school coaches should avoid to create disempowering motivational climate. Mental toughness training also can be provide to help enhancing the development of athletes' mental toughness in order to achieve the mental health of high school’s student-athletes and to reduce the occurrence of athletic burnout.

並列關鍵字

emotional and physical exhaustion ； reduced sense of accomplishment ； devaluation of sport

參考文獻

Madigan, D. J., & Nicholls, A. R. (2017). Mental toughness and burnout in junior athletes: A longitudinal investigation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 32, 138-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.07.002

Reinboth, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Dimensions of coaching behavior, need satisfaction, and the psychological and physical welfare of young athletes. Motivation and Emotion, 28(3), 297-313. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000040156.81924.b8

一、中文文獻

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