單次性不同認知要求運動對國小孩童抑制控制之影響

本研究目旨在探討單次性不同認知要求運動對國小孩童抑制控制之影響。以新北市新店區某國小之有運動習慣學生為研究對象，年齡介於 10 至 12 歲，共 26 名。本研究為組內設計方式，比較20分鐘單次性高認知要求運動、低認知要求運動與控制情境對孩童抑制控制表現之影響，受試者參與各實驗情境之順序以次序平衡隨機分派進行，以旁側干擾作業 (flanker task) 為認知測驗。以二因子變異數重複量數分析反應時間與正確率之改變量；另外，以單因子重複量數分析 Flanker effect 之反應時間。結果顯示，在反應正確率部分，在一致情境中，低認知要求運動情境顯著優於高認知要求運動情境，而高認知要求運動情境及低認知運動情境分別與控制情境無顯著差異；不一致情境中，三個情境並無顯著差異。在反應時間部分，僅在不一致情境中，高認知要求運動情境優於低認知要求運動情境。反應時間之 Flanker effect (不一致減去一致) 部分，高認知要求運動情境與低認知要求運動情境分別與控制情境沒有顯著差異，但高認知要求運動情境顯著優於低認知要求運動情境。整體而言，本研究發現認知要求高的運動對於孩童的急性認知效益可能反應在需要較高的抑制控制要求情境下，然而其效果仍需更多後續研究來確認。

關鍵字

單次性運動；認知要求；國小孩童；抑制控制

並列摘要

The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of a single bout of exercise with different cognitive demanding on the inhibitory control of children. A total of 26 students aged between 10 and 12 years old, who regularly participated in intermural sports from an elementary school in Xindian District, New Taipei City, were recruited. A within-subjects design was used to compare the effects of a single bout of high cognitive demand exercise (HE), low cognitive demand exercise (LE), and active control (AC) on the inhibitory control performance. The order in which the subjects performed the three experiment sessions were counterbalanced and randomized, and inhibition control was measured by the flanker task. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the variation of reaction time and accuracy; one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the reaction time of Flanker effect. The results showed that, in the consistent condition of the flanker task, LE resulted in higher accurate than HE, where as HE and LE were not significantly different from AC; in the inconsistent situation, LE, HE and AC have no significant difference. On the other hand, HE resulted in shorter reaction time than LE only in inconsistent condition. As for the Flanker effect (interference scores) of reaction time, despite no significant difference were observed between HE and LE and AC, HE was significantly better than LE. Overall, this study provides some support for the extra benefit of acute bout of cognitive demanding exercise on the response speed of taks that require higher inhibitory control. Nevertheless, more follow-up studies are needed to confirm the effect.