慈濟「環保行動」實踐典範初探

過去三十多年來，慈濟的「環保行動」已成大規模的群體的社會運動，普及到社會的各個角落。本研究以「價值－信念－規範」(Value-Belief-Norm, VBN)理論為基礎，但基於在本質上為佛教與慈善組織的慈濟，卻有相當完整的環保理念，而且透過慈善、醫療、教育、人文等四大志業落實環保實踐。因此本研究在VBN理論中加上「慈濟活動參與度」，目的在探討參與慈濟活動對個人環境行為的影響。本研究針對曾參與慈濟活動的民眾，透過網路進行問卷調查，總計回收有效問卷3,636份，另外以半結構訪問方式訪談12位慈濟志工。研究結果發現「慈濟參與度」直接正向影響「個人環境行為」；同時通過正向影響「世界觀」，進而由「世界觀」影響「對環境後果的覺知」，再經由「對環境後果的覺知」影響到「個人環境行為」。淨迴歸係數的分析顯示「慈濟參與度」與「價值―信念―規範」等中介變項，對「個人環境行為」的整體解釋力(R2)為21.3%。本研究的分析一方面支持「價值－信念－規範」理論，同時彰顯高度強調環保理念的慈濟，透過在各種活動中實踐環保行動而影響個人的環保行為。

關鍵字

環境行為；價值－信念－規範理論；慈濟活動參與

並列摘要

Over the past thirty years, Tzu Chi's "Environmental Action" has become a large-scale social movement that has spread to every corner of society. This study is fundamentally based on the "value-belief-norm" (VBN) theory. However, in considering that, as a Buddhist and charitable organization in essence, Tzu Chi has a relatively complete working model of environmental protection and environmental protection practices, which are well implemented through its four pillars of charity, medicine, education and humanities. Therefore, this study expanded the VBN theory by adding "Participation in Tzu Chi activities", aiming to explore the impact of participating in Tzu Chi activities on personal environmental behavior. This study conducted an online questionnaire survey on Taiwan residents who had participated in Tzu Chi activities and a total of 3,636 valid questionnaires were collected. In addition, 12 Tzu Chi volunteers were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The results of the study demonstrated that "Participation in Tzu Chi activities" directly and positively affects "personal environmental behavior"; at the same time, it positively affects "world view", which in turn affects "awareness of environmental consequences", which consequently affects "personal environmental behavior". The path analysis from structural equation modeling shows that "Participation in Tzu Chi activities" and the intermediary variables of the VBN model have an overall coefficient of determination (R2) of 21.3% for "personal environmental behavior". In summary, the analysis of this study supports the "value-belief-norm" theory. At the same time, it shows that Tzu Chi, which highly emphasizes the concept of environmental protection, influences individuals’ environmental protection behaviors through the practice of environmental protection actions in various activities.