探討私立中學教師職場上知覺不公平處境之研究－以新北市為例

本研究旨在探討私立中學教師職場上知覺不公平處境之研究。為了達成此研究目的，本研究除進行「文獻分析」蒐集與研究主題相關的資料外，並以「深度訪談法」與受訪教師進行對談，以了解目前私校教師在職場上所面對不公平對待的情況，以及教師所做出的調整與回應，對於教學熱忱、受教權方面帶來哪些影響、後果？研究者依據「立意抽樣」理論，以新北市的私立中學的合格教師為研究個案，並以「公平理論」為核心，以其理論對於私校教師在工作「投入」與「回報」的比值，和參照對象進行「比較」，經由深度訪談9名教師所得的資料，進一步分析職場不公平的對待，對私立教師在教學場域、工作態度上的影響，期許能提供建議和解決方法，作為政府參考制定政策、修法之依據。本研究所獲得的結論與建議如下：一、基本的政策與法規層面，未積極保護私立中學教師的勞動權益：建議相關政府單位應嚴格執行教師權益法規，強化監督與申訴制度。二、整體私校產業加時工作的比例仍高，且顧客導向經營模式已成常態，私校教師過勞現象時有所聞：建議政府單位與第三部門(如：教師工會、私立學校產業工會…等組織)共同合作，監督私立學校並替私校教師爭取相關權利。三、少子女化嚴峻情況下，私校福利與處境和以往有落差：在付出與回報不成比例的情況下，有的私校教師會想減少工作投入、離職轉換跑道或到他校服務…等，或多或少會影響到教學品質。四、政府對於公私立學校應該一視同仁，尊重市場機制：少子女化影響之下，公私校都面臨生存的問題，仍有不少私校辦學認真獲得好評，但私校未獲得政府太多財源支持，公校卻不須自負盈虧，私校若辦學不佳就得被迫退場，反而讓沒辦學特色的公校持續存活，公校也該適度退場，這樣才有更良性的競爭與正向循環。

關鍵字

私立中學教師；職場；不公平處境；公平理論

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to research on the perceived unfair treatment at the workplace of the teachers in private secondary schools. For the purpose of this research, in addition to conducting " Documentary analysis " to collect data related to the research topic, and use the "in-depth interview method" to conduct dialogues with the interviewed teachers, to understand the current situation of unfair treatment faced by private school teachers in the workplace, and teacher adjustments and responses, what are the impacts and consequences on teaching enthusiasm and the right to be taught? the research according to the " purposeful sampling " theory, taking the qualified teachers of private high schools in New Taipei City as a case study, and take the " Equity Theory" as the core, and use its theory to compare the ratio of private school teachers' " contribution" to "return" in their work, and the reference object, through in-depth interviews with 9 teachers, further analysis of unfair treatment in the workplace, for the impact of private teachers on the teaching field and work attitude, I hope to provide suggestions and solutions, as a basis for the government to formulate policies and amend laws. The conclusions and recommendations of this study are as follows: 1. At the level of basic policies and regulations, the labor rights and interests of the teachers in private secondary schools are not actively protected：It is suggested that relevant government units should strictly implement the laws and regulations on teachers' rights and interests, and strengthen the supervision and appeal system. 2. The proportion of overtime work in the overall private secondary school industry is still high, and the customer-oriented business model has become the norm, and private secondary school teachers are overworked：It is recommended that government units and the third sector (such as teachers' unions, private schools industrial unions, etc.) work together to monitor private schools and fight for the rights of private school teachers. 3. Under the severe situation of childbirth, the welfare and situation of private secondary schools are different from those in the past：when the pay is out of proportion to the return, some private secondary school teachers will want to reduce their work input, leave their jobs and change their careers, or go to other schools services... etc. will more or less affect the quality of teaching. 4. The government should treat public and private schools equally and respect the market mechanism：under the influence of the declining number of children, both public and private schools are facing the problem of survival, there are still many private schools earning praise for their education, but private schools have not with too much financial support from the government, public schools are not required to be responsible for their own profits and losses, if private schools do not perform well, they will be forced to withdraw, on the contrary, the public schools that do not have the characteristics of running schools will continue to survive, and the public schools should also withdraw appropriately, so that there will be more benign competition and positive cycle.