博物館快速回應蒐藏：以V&A博物館「Pandemic Objects」觀看新冠疫情如何被記憶

博物館的形成歷史久遠，而面對時代、社會的變遷之下，博物館也必須將自身的意義延展，如何在這樣的變化之中以蒐藏物件達到博物館價值，則會是當代博物館的關鍵思考。博物館已不再是一個單純展示過去歷史的場所，快速回應蒐藏 (Rapid Response) 這樣的博物館當代蒐藏 (Contemporary Collecting) 模式，在此之中恰成為一個時代趨勢，也代表博物館正朝著讓場域成為一個雙向溝通，觸發新知識、新觀點產生，也更能進一步和社會大眾產生緊密連結的平台發展。 2020年開始，世界共同遭受新型冠狀病毒 (Covid-19) 的侵襲，人們的生活樣貌、城市的運作方式，以及博物館的經營策略都發生了巨大的改變。面對這樣重大的共同社會事件，博物館如何為大眾紀錄、記憶，是研究集中關注的面向。因此本研究以V&A博物館作為研究案例，旨在探討其於新冠疫情下進行的Pandemic Objects計畫如何達成快速回應並確實為社會保存歷史，探索博物館蒐藏思考的多元面貌，並且提出三個研究問題面向：（一）身處於新冠疫情席捲的當代社會中，博物館的蒐藏觀念有何種轉變？（二）博物館如何透過物件為社會記錄疫情？（三）「快速回應蒐藏」在疫情下的博物館中如何被應用？其發揮的作用與價值又是如何？本研究以文獻分析以及個案研究的方法進行，透過整理、分析、比較各式檔案、資料，建構出完整且全面的案例樣貌。針對V&A博物館的線上編輯計畫Pandemic Objects的內容梳理出時空背景及內容要點，並且以「物件性質」與「物件典藏狀況」作為分類，解構案例中共83篇文章。透過以上對個案的拆解、分析，本研究歸納出疫情下的蒐藏模式形成，找出人與物件之間的緊密關係，分析快速回應蒐藏的多語意及多層次，並發現博物館典藏的新意義。期待此研究呈現出V&A博物館在快速變動的疫情時期，以蒐集物件快速回應社會且能重新檢視既有館藏的面貌，為未來保存的同時，也為現在經歷事件的人們提供記憶的空間。

關鍵字

當代蒐藏；快速回應蒐藏； V&A博物館；疫情物件

並列摘要

The formation of museums has a long history, and with the evolution of times and society, museums must also broaden their meaning. Such changes mean that the value of museum collections will be the key to their future.Today, museums’ "Rapid Response Collecting" mode has become a trend. Since the beginning of 2020, the world has been under attack by the Coronavirus (COVID-19), so people’s lives, cities’ functions, and museums’ business strategies have all changed dramatically. Therefore, this research focuses on how a museum records and creates cultural memories for the public. It takes the V&A Museum as a case study and aims to explore how its "Pandemic Objects" project during the pandemic rapidly responded to and preserved history for society. It also studies various reflections on museum collections. The research discusses three research questions. First, it asks how the concept of museum collection changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, it investigates how the museum recorded the pandemic for society through objects. Finally, it queries how museums applied "Rapid Response Collecting" during the pandemic and its function and value. I carried out this research via literature analysis and a case study methodology. By analyzing and comparing case data regarding a collection, I construct a complete case. Using the content of the V&A online authoring program, I sorted the space-time background and content points and used "object nature" and "object collecting state" as classifications, resulting in a deconstruction of 83 items. The results summarize the formation of the collection model in relation to the pandemic. It uncovers a close relationship between the museum and its artifacts and the multi-level significance of the rapid response collection. This research shows that museums can collect objects to react rapidly to society and reassess existing collections. Such collections preserve them for the future and provide a cultural memory for people today.