成年聽障者的社會支持、充權感受及生活品質關係之探討

本研究旨在探討我國成年聽覺障礙者的社會支持、充權感受及生活品質三者間之關係，並檢驗充權感受對於社會支持與生活品質的中介效果。本研究採用網路問卷調查法進行施測，共蒐集225位本國籍、年齡介於20歲至65歲未滿，並領有聽覺機能障礙之身心障礙手冊(證明)者為研究樣本。問卷內容包含「個人背景資料」、「社會支持量表」、「充權感受量表」及「臺灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷」，所蒐集的資料透過SPSS軟體，以描述性統計、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異分析、皮爾森績差相關、多元階層迴歸等統計方式進行資料分析與假設驗證。研究主要發現如下: 一、成年聽障者的社會支持為中等偏低程度，其中來自家人的社會支持最佳，其次為朋友的社會支持，專業人員的社會支持則最弱。二、成年聽障者的充權感受為中度權能程度，其中社會政治充權最佳，其次為人際充權，個人充權則最弱。三、成年聽障者的整體生活品質平均分數為3.27(SD=.65)，四大範疇的加總分數為51.79分(SD=10.56)，分數介於「中等稍高」範圍，其中生理健康的評價最佳，其次分別為環境及心理，而社會關係的評價則最差。然而，比較NHIS常模資料，成年聽障者的生活品質仍低於一般臺灣民眾。四、個人背景在整體生活品質的差異情形方面，成年聽障者在「教育程度」、「收入」、「家庭經濟狀況」及「聽障資源使用」達顯著差異。五、相關情形方面，成年聽障者的社會支持與生活品質呈顯著正相關，社會支持與充權感受呈顯著正相關，充權感受與生活品質呈顯著正相關。六、階層迴歸方面，整體迴歸模型對整體生活品質的解釋力達57.2%，「聽障資源使用」、「收入」、「家庭經濟狀況-清寒家庭」、「個人充權」及「人際充權」皆為整體生活品質重要的預測因子。七、「個人充權」為整體生活品質及各範疇最重要的預測因子，聽障者在個人充權的分數越高，其對整體生活品質及各範疇的評價越佳。八、成年聽障者的整體充權感受在整體社會支持及整體生活品質之間，具有完全中介。研究建議如下: 一、提升專業人員所提供的社會支持。二、重視聽障者的經濟安全議題，強化家庭增權的服務模式。三、增加學校及職場對於聽障文化的瞭解，強化聽障族群的人際支持。四、持續透過個人、人際及社會政治充權之策略，多方面提升聽障者的生活品質。

關鍵字

聽覺障礙者；社會支持；充權感受；生活品質

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the relationship among social support, empowerment, and quality of life among adults who are Deaf or hard of hearing, and to further examine the mediating effect of empowerment on social support and quality of life. A total of 225 Deaf or hard of hearing adults who aged between 20 and under 65 years old, and owned the identification or certification of hearing impairment completed a series of online questionnaires including "Personal information", "Social support scale", "Empowerment scale", and " WHOQOL-BREF Taiwan version ". The data and hypothesis were verified by descriptive statics analysis, t test, one-way anova, pearson correlation and multple hierarchical regression analysis all through SPSS. The main findings are as follows, 1. The subjects reported low to moderate level of the overall social support. Among them, the social support from family members is the best, followed by friends, and from the professionals is the weakest. 2. The subjects reported moderate level of the overall empowerment. Among them, social and political empowerment is the best, followed by interpersonal empowerment, and personal empowerment is the weakest. 3. The subjects reported median to high level of the overall QoL, with the mean score of QoL 3.27 (SD=.65), and the added score of the four domains 51.79 (SD=10.56). Among them, physical health aspect is the best, followed by environmental and psychological aspects respectively, and social relationships aspect is the weakest. However, after comparing NHIS normative data, our study concluded that the QoL of Deaf and hard of hearing adults are still lower than gernaral Taiwanese. 4. Personal background analyzed by t test and one-way anova indicated that the subjects have significant differences in "education level", "personal income", "family economic status" and " use of hearing-related resources" in terms of the overall QoL. 5. Pearson correlation analysis shows that social support is positively correlated with QoL. Social support is positively correlated with empowerment. Empowerment is positively correlated with QoL. 6. Hierarchical regression analysis shows that the overall regression model explained the R-squared variance of 57.2% in terms of the overall QoL. "Use of hearing-related resource","personal income", "family economic status-poor", "personal empowerment" and "interpersonal empowerment" are of important predictors. 7."Personal empowerment" is the most important predictor of the overall QoL and other domains. The higher the score of "personal empowerment" reported by the subjects, the better the score of "QoL" they appraised. 8. "The overall empowerment" has a full mediation between the overall social support and the overall QoL. Recommendations are as follows: 1. Improve the social support provided by professionals. 2. Raise consciousness on economic well-being issues of the Deaf and hard of hearing, and strengthen the family empowerment service model provided by government and private instituion. 3. Increase the understanding of Deaf and hearing loss cultures in schools and workplaces, and further strengthen interpersonal support for hearing loss people. 4. Continue to incorporate personal, interpersonal and socio-political empowerment strategies to improve the QoL of Deaf or hard of hearing people.