高中公民與社會科專家教師公共議題與社會探究之課程實踐

本研究旨在探討十二年國民基本教育課程改革中，高中公民與社會科專家教師之公共議題與社會探究課程實踐情形，借鑑其教學經驗，討論該課程在臺灣教學現場的可行實踐方式。本研究之資料蒐集分為兩個階段：第一階段以半結構式訪談蒐集四位教師的課程實踐歷程，及兩位教師的公民學科中心課程推動經驗；第二階段以個案研究法蒐集個案教師教學資料，結合觀察法、訪談法及文件分析等方式描繪個案教師的課程實踐。整理分析資料後，歸納成「公共議題與社會探究課程設計及設計考量」、「課程實踐的挑戰與克服」與「課程實踐與社會領域綱要的關聯與落差」等三大主題，並獲致以下結論：一、學習者中心之公共議題與社會探究課程設計與實施要點（一）協助學生找到具「公共」性質、範圍適切、明確且關鍵的主題與問題，從而「發現與界定問題」。（二）引導學生選定實作取徑與探究方法，提示可能衍生的挑戰，以利「觀察與蒐集資料」。（三）教導資料統整分析要點，觀察並適當介入小組合作，以利「分析與詮釋資料」。（四）有意識地引導學生完成階段性反思，期末加以統整，促進「總結與反思」。（五）關注學生自主程度、合作情形並實施多元評量，貫串整體探究歷程。二、學生課堂表現、課堂任務成果與課堂回饋表單促進專家教師反思與精進課程。三、學校課程決策影響課程設計彈性，教師與行政間的溝通影響探究主題可行性。四、教師共備社群與校外研習等教師支持系統，提供共學機會。五、專家教師擅於規劃課程、解決問題、反思與充實精進，社會領域課程綱要提供高度彈性，有效縮小課程實踐與課程綱要落差。最後，本研究針對現場教師的課程設計與實施、學校行政端可提供之支持、在職精進及師資培育課程規劃、社會領域課程綱要的未來展望等面向提出建議。

關鍵字

社會領域課程綱要；探究與實作；公共議題與社會探究；專家教師；課程實踐

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the curriculum design and teaching practice of Public Issues and Social Inquiry of Civics and Society in high schools under the 12-year compulsory education curriculum reform. It is expected to provide suggestions for feasible practice of the inquiry-based curriculum for high schools. A total of five Civics and Society expert teachers participated in this study. The data collection was divided into two stages. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data from four school teachers and two teachers from Civics and Society Resource Center in order to investigate the overall picture of the curriculum implementation. In the second stage, case study method, including field observation, interview, and document analysis, was applied to gain a deeper understanding of their curriculum implementation. After data analysis, the research results were summarized into three themes: “Curriculum Design of Public Issues and Social Inquiry Curriculum”, “Challenges and Solutions of Teaching Practice”, and “Gaps between Curriculum and Teaching Practice and Social Studies Curriculum Guidelines” . The following conclusions were drawn: 1.Features of designing and implementing learner-centered Public Issues and Social Inquiry courses (1)At the stage of “Discovery and Definition of Problems”, teachers assisted students in finding appropriate, clear and critical issues related to the public. (2)At the stage of “Observation and Data Collection”, teachers guided students in selecting pathways and methods of inquiry, and suggest possible challenges. (3)At the stage of “Analysis and Data Interpretation”, teachers taught methods of data integration and analysis, and provided guidance to the group if necessary. (4)At the stage of “Summarization and Reflection”, teachers guided students to make reflections at the end of each stage and at the end of the semester. (5)Teachers focused on students’ autonomy and cooperation when implementing multiple assessments throughout the whole process. 2.Students’ behavior in class, learning outcomes, and student feedback all contributed to the expert teacher’s reflection and curriculum transformation. 3.Curriculum decision-making at school level influenced the flexibility of individual teachers’ course design. The communication between teachers and school administration affected the feasibility of conducting inquiry on certain issues. 4.Teacher support systems, such as professional learning communities and workshops, provided opportunities for collaboration among teachers. 5.Expert teachers were skilled in curriculum planning, problem solving, reflection, and professional development；Social Studies Curriculum Guidelines provide a high degree of flexibility. As a result, the gap between field teachers’ curriculum practice and the curriculum guideline was effectively narrowed. Finally, this study provides suggestions on curriculum design and implementation for teachers, support for school administration, planning for teacher education programs, and the future outlook of the Social Studies Curriculum Guidelines.