大學生知覺父母期望與焦慮未定向之關係研究
—以自我分化為中介變項

本研究旨在探討大學生知覺父母期望、焦慮未定向與自我分化之間的關係，並檢驗自我分化在知覺父母期望與焦慮未定向之間的中介效果。本研究以臺灣大學生為研究對象，合計共346名。採用「大學生知覺父母期望量表」、「情緒與人格特質之生涯困難量表中焦慮的部分」以及「自我分化量表修訂—中文版（C-DSI）」為研究工具，透過網路問卷的方式進行施測，再根據所得資料進行描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關以及迴歸分析進行處理與分析。本研究結果發現，第一，不同年級、家庭社經地位之大學生在知覺父母期望、自我分化與焦慮未定向皆無顯著差異；不同性別之大學生在自我分化總分與部分向度和焦慮未定向之部分向度有顯著差異；不同出生序之大學生在知覺父母期望總分與部分向度亦有顯著差異。第二，知覺父母期望與焦慮未定向呈現顯著正相關；知覺父母期望與自我分化呈現顯著負相關；自我分化與焦慮未定向呈現顯著負相關。第三，自我分化在知覺父母期望與焦慮未定向之間具完全中介效果；其中「我立場」在「人際期望」與「抉擇未定的焦慮」之間具完全中介效果；「與家人融合」在知覺父母期望各向度與「關於過程的焦慮」或「抉擇未定的焦慮」之間皆具完全中介效果；「與他人融合」則在「學業期望」與「關於過程的焦慮」、「人際期望」與「抉擇未定的焦慮」及「成就期望」與焦慮未定向各向度之間具完全中介效果，在「人際期望」與「關於過程的焦慮」則為部分中介效果；「情緒截斷」和「情緒化反應」則在知覺父母期望與焦慮未定向之間皆無中介效果。本研究根據以上研究結果進行討論，並且提出具體建議以做為未來學術研究及輔導實務之參考。

關鍵字

大學生族群；知覺父母期望；焦慮未定向；自我分化

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to discover the relationship between parental expectation, indecisiveness, and self-differentiation, and to examine the mediating effect of self-differentiation among college students. The study participants consist of 346 college students in Taiwan. The survey includes Perception of Parental Expectations Scale for College Students, Career Indecisiveness Questionnaire, and Chinese version of Differentiation of Self Inventory (C-DSI), and were all completed by the participants through online questionnaires. The data was analyzed via descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The findings of the study were as follows. First, there was no significant difference in parental expectation, self-differentiation, nor indecisiveness among college students with different grades and family socioeconomic status; nevertheless, significant differences were found in average and partial dimensions of self-differentiation and partial dimensions of indecisiveness with different genders. Also, significant differences were found in average and partial dimensions of parental expectation with different birth order. Second, there was significant positive correlation between parental expectation and indecisiveness; significant negative correlation between parental expectation and self-differentiation; significant negative correlation between self-differentiation and indecisiveness. Third, the association between parental expectation and indecisiveness was completely mediated by self-differentiation. The association between interpersonal expectation and anxiety about uncertainty was completely mediated by I-position. The association between all dimensions of parental expectation and anxiety about the process or anxiety about uncertainty were completely mediated by fusion with family. Furthermore, the association between academic expectation and anxiety about the process, interpersonal expectation and anxiety about uncertainty, and achievement expectation and all dimensions of indecisiveness were completely mediated by fusion with others. And also, the association between interpersonal expectation and anxiety about the process was partially mediated by fusion with others. But neither emotional cutoff nor reactivity had mediating effect between any dimensions of parental expectation and indecisiveness. Based on the above results, discussions and suggestions were provided to further researchers and practitioners in this area.

並列關鍵字

college students ； parental expectation ； indecisiveness ； self-differentiation

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