彈性生產流程、供應商整合與競爭優勢-以生產汽車鋁合金輪圈的A公司為例

當公司具有競爭優勢，顯示該公司的平均獲利能力高於同業。平均獲利能力提高，來自於策略選擇適宜、成本控制得當、工作流程具有效率與彈性，這些因素的組合成為公司經營的商業模式。資源基礎論認為，公司具有競爭優勢源於稀少的資源、有價值的資源、不可模仿與不可移動的資源。除此之外，看不見的工作流程，更是致勝的關鍵，而且競爭者因無法目睹，以致難以仿效。另外，網絡關係的建構與維繫最主要的目的是使網絡內組織在面對外來競爭者時，以達成個體無法完成的經營優勢。本研究採質性研究法，探索生產汽車鋁合金輪圈的A公司，與其上下游的廠商因合作無間，共同解決問題，在經營環境動盪不居，相關廠商紛紛外移時，仍能屹立不搖，獲利超越同業。經由訪談了解A公司內部流程順利、加強員工的訓練、提升檢驗品管水準且製程具有彈性，得以提高生產效率，同時能夠降低成本。另外，再從網絡理論檢視A公司的供應商夥伴關係，其與供應商具有彼此信任之良好關係，共同解決問題，協助A公司內部製程問題上更能相互配合。由這兩方面著手研究，可窺A公司的競爭優勢。

關鍵字

競爭優勢；資源基礎論；網絡理論.

並列摘要

A competitive-advantage company always has higher average-profit rate than other competing films. Obviously, the high average-profit rate is promoted by some key factors which primarily constitute business-model of the company. The key factors are the right choice of conceived strategy, proper control of cost, and efficiency and flexibility of work flow. According to the resource-based view (RBV), the competitive-advantage of a film lies primarily in the application of a bundle of rare, intangible and inimitable resources, and immovable assets at the firm's disposal. Meanwhile, intangible work-flow plays the key role in this competition because it is invisible and inimitable for other films. Furthermore, the establishment and maintenance of consolidated supply chain network make this team much competitive and keep other out-of-network firms being lagged far behind. This study is based on qualitative research method to explore how the domestic aluminum alloy wheel manufacturer A could make much profits than other companies during this unstable economic era where many firms moved abroad because of being losing profits. We found Company A reduces production cost and increases efficiency of product line by streamlining its work flow, keeping inner training, improving quality assurance level and flexibly arranging product process. And, based on network theory, we found that by mutual confidence and seamless cooperation between supply chains in solving problems also make Company A streamlined inner work flow much easier. Based on above two theories, we found why company A could keep its competitive advantage than other firms.