水庫集水區污染物削減之模擬-以石門水庫為例

本研究主要分為三階段進行，第一階段為採用美國環保署發展的BASINS模式對石門水庫上游集水區之非點源汙染模式對集水區進行流量、水理之模擬與分析，主要為探討石門水庫集水區之非點源汙染物對於石門水庫庫區之影響。模擬項目為：總懸浮固體物（Suspended Solids ）、總磷（Total Phosphorus）、氨氮（Ammonia Nitrogen）及生物需氧量（Biochemical Oxygen Demand）等。第二階段為將第一階段之非點源汙染模式模擬結果到導入於集水區之水質模擬模式，此一模式同為美國環保署所發展，進而模擬出汙染物在集水區中之變化及削減過程，直至進入庫區前。第三階段為將所有模擬資料統整，計算出水庫集水區之整體涵容能力，並以各類水體標準進行汙染削減模擬，進而整理出總體削減百分比。本研究前期利用民國89至民國95年石門水庫之入流量作為參數率定，並以民國96 年之入流量做驗證，如率定無誤，則民國96年之驗證即可模擬相關汙染物以便後期導入WASP做運算，但經由實際模擬後發現，民國89年至92年之流量率定大致良好，但在民國93年時，因艾利颱風造成石門水庫集水區大規模崩塌，崩塌後之土地利用改變，造成模擬結果不盡理想，因而將研究年限修正為利用民國94年至95年石門水庫之入流量作為參數率定，並以民國96年之入流量做驗證，模擬結果良好，進而將模擬結果導入至WASP中進行污染物削減模擬，亦獲得良好之模擬結果。目前推算秀巒之總磷負荷量為3,951.9 kg/yr及霞雲之總磷負荷量為30,485.91 kg/yr，若以乙類水體之涵容能力標準，則初步建議石門水庫集水區之污染量削減16%可達到該標準；若以甲類水體之涵容能力標準而言，石門水庫集水區之建議污染削減量為40%，方可達到該標準。

關鍵字

非點源汙染；水質模式；石門水庫；涵容能力；水庫集水區

並列摘要

There are three stages included in this research. The first stage involves using the BSAINS model developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) to simulate and analyze water physical properties and flow based on non-point source pollution in the upstream watershed of the Shi-men Reservoir. It is designed to study the influence of non-point source pollution on the Shi-men Reservoir. The constituents considered in the simulation included suspended solids、Total Phosphorus、Ammonia Nitrogen、Biochemical Oxygen Demand, etc.. The second stage is to introduce the result obtained from the first stage into the water quality model (WASP), which is further used to simulate the changing and descending process of pollutants in the watershed of the Reservoir before their entering the Reservoir. The third stage is devoted to integrating the whole data for modeling to calculate the carrying capacity of the Reservoir area. In a preliminary study, the inflow of the Shi-men Reservoir during the period of 2000 to 2006 were used for calibration and compared with the inflow in 2007. If the calibration is verified, then the data in 2007 can be used to simulate the pollution and introduced into the later stage of WASP for calculation. While the simulation revealed that the flow rating was generally well, poor results were obtained due to change in land uses after the attack of typhoon Ai-Li in 2004, which led to widespread landslide around the Shi-men Reservoir area. Accordingly, a modification was made for calibration by using the inflow during 2005 and 2006, compared with the inflow in 2007. The simulation result was good. A further introduction of the result into the WASP for modeling pollution reducing process also showed good result. The current prediction of the total load of Phosphorus in Xiu-Luan is 3951.9 kg/yr, and that in Xia-Yun is 30485.91 kg/yr. If the water carrying capacity of B-type water is taken as a benchmark, then a 16% reduction in pollution in the watershed of Shi-men Reservoir is suggested. However, a 40% reduction in pollution is suggested to meet the criterion of A-type water.

並列關鍵字

Non-Point Source Pollution ； Water Quality Modeling ； Shi-Men Reservoir ； Carrying Capacity ； Reservoir

參考文獻

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