小型社區獨立住宅建物火災避難逃生之評估分析-以桃園歐鄉社區為例

The Evaluation of Fire Emergency Evacuation for Apartment Building in Tao-Yuan Taiwan - A Case Study on Ou-Xiang Community

莊志偉(Chih Wei Chuang)

指導教授 ： 徐瑞宏

共同指導教授 ： 游峻一(Chun-Yi Yu)

健行科技大學/工學院/土木工程系空間資訊與防災科技碩士班/碩士(2017年)

摘要

本研究針對桃園市歐鄉社區的獨立住宅為研究對象，探討火災發生頻率、建物特性、消防安全設備相關法規、火場危險因子及防火區劃之使用管理，並進行現況調查與評估分析，再利用SMARTFIRE火災模擬軟體進行分析，將SMARTFIRE相關參數(火源與火載量、隔間牆及走道寬度、室內樓梯及天井等)設定完成後即進行火災模擬分析，結果將會得到熱流及煙流等數據，因而得到火災對建築物環境的影響。
研究結果顯示：(1)獨立住宅火災是所有建築物火災發生頻率最高的，建議修訂獨立住宅之相關防火及消防規範，以補足目前法令的不足，(2)應設置系統式火警自動警報設備，(3)修訂相關罰責及檢修申報制度，以有效維護消防安全設備，(4)鐵捲門上方應保留一定深度之防煙垂壁，以減緩煙之擴散，(5)獨立住宅應設置安全梯及防火門，以達到各層完整之防火區劃，(6)排煙通風口應設置於樓梯間較為適當，將避難路徑之濃煙排出，以減緩室內全面燃燒的時間及增加人員避難之時間，(7)樓梯無法避難時，應關閉房門選擇水平及外部的避難。
綜合上述的模擬分析後，本研究將提出有效的避難逃生對策以及建議，以改善現有法規不足之處，並提供相關管理單位參考，以便在火災發生時可以確保人命的安全，以達成規劃與使用一致性目標。

關鍵字

SMARTFIRE ； 火災模擬軟體 ； 消防安全設備 ； 透天住宅 ； 獨立住宅

並列摘要

The study aimed to investigate independent residential housing of Eurovilla Community in Taoyuan City for the frequency of fire incidents, characteristics of building, relevant regulations of fire safety equipment, management of risk factors and utilization of fire control zone in on-site survey and evaluation before the data were analyzed by the SMARFIRE simulation software with set parameters (fire source, fire load, width of partition wall, width of hallway, indoor stairway and patio) to get information on heat and smoke flow and assess the impact of fire on building.
The study showed: (1) Independent residential housing had the highest frequency of fire in all types of building and it was proposed to revise the inadequacy in relevant regulations for safety and prevention; (2) Systematic fire alarm system should be established; (3) Amendment of relevant penalties and maintenance reporting system should be commenced to effectively maintain fire safety equipment; (4) Space above roll-up door should be reserved for ceiling screen to slow down spread of smoke; (5) Safety stairway and fire-proof door should be established in independent residential housing to achieve plan of fire control zone at each floor; (6) Ventilation outlet should be placed at stairway to reduce smoke concentration of evacuation route to reduce complete indoor burn and increase time for evacuation; (7) It was recommended that door should be shut close and personnel should evacuate to outdoor area on the same floor if possible when stairway could not be used.
Based on the above simulation analysis, the study could provide effective evacuation strategy and recommendations to improve the existing regulatory deficiencies and reference to management of relevant units to ensure the safety of personnel in order to achieve the consistency with building plan and utilization.

並列關鍵字

SMARTFIRE ； Fire simulation software ； Fire safety equipment ； Townhouse ； Independent residential housing

參考文獻

(1) 內政部消防署，「搶救地下建築物火災安全指導原則，救災安全手冊」，內政部消防署，民國一百零五年十二月。

(2) 內政部消防署全球資訊網，「防範一氧化碳中毒篇」，內政部消防署，網站，民國一百零六年三月。

(3) 內政部消防署全球資訊網，「預防火災篇」，內政部消防署，網站，民國一百零六年三月。

(4) 內授消字第○九一○○八九七二六-二號令，消防安全法令執法疑義研討會會議紀錄解釋函令，內政部，民國九十一年十一月。

(5) 方家聲，「高雄市忠言路民宅火災模擬」，元智大學，碩士論文，民國九十八年七月。