台北市快樂頌KTV火災火場驗證與逃生避難模擬

Fire Simulation and Evacuation Analysis for a Happy KTV on Taipei City

徐詩琪(Shy-Chyi Shyu)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

從遠古時代燧人氏在無意中發現了鑽木可以取火後，火就被人們當做非常重要的能源之一，並且為人類帶來了光亮及文明，相對的卻也帶來了永無休止因火而招致的災害，造成了人類另一個重大禍源的開端。
本研究是利用人員避難模擬技術FDS+Evac (Fire Dynamics Simulator with Evacuation)，由芬蘭VTT技術研究中心(VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland)在美國國家標準局暨技術協會火災實驗室(National Institute of Standards and Technology/Building and Fire Research Laboratory, NIST/BFRL) 火災動態模擬軟體FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator)的基礎上所研發的逃生模型，進行發生火災時的危害分析與人員避難之模擬，藉由電腦數值模擬來描述受火災浮力驅動之氣體流動現象，還原當時火場發生之狀況，並研究火場中其溫度、熱輻射、濃度場等分佈與所產生濃煙致死率的變化，更進一步探討能否縮減火災所波及的危害範圍、火災危險因子與人員避難安全的方向，以確保建築物內人員的逃生避難安全及運用不同參數改變來探討影響火場因素與逃生時間的情境，能較有效縮減火災的危害範圍，以減少人員及財產損失。
由模擬結果所知，增設消防設施對於火災危害具有較佳效果的為撒水系統， 另外避免於公共場所中過度裝潢並選用具耐燃材質之防燄建材等，才能防範火災於未然。
本研究結果除可提供相關單位作為一般建築物的防火設計及相關消防設施選用之參考依據外，並將分析的結果提供於防火工程上做為參考。

關鍵字

火災 ； 數值模擬

並列摘要

Fire was viewed as one of the fundamental resource of energy ever since ancient times Suiren accidently found fire can be made by wood drilling. It brought light and civilization to mankind, but in contrast it also brought a never-ending disaster induced by fire, caused the beginning of another major source of trouble to human being.
In this study, it was based on the use of the evacuation simulation technology FDS + Evac(Fire Dynamics Simulator, with Evacuation) by the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland in the U.S. National Bureau of Standards & Technology Association of Fire Laboratory (National Institute of Standards and Technology/Building and Fire Research Laboratory, NIST /BFRL) FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulation), to conduct the fire hazard analysis and personnel refuge simulation, and by computational numerical simulation to describe fire buoyancy-driven gas flow phenomena, restore the situation at the fire occurred, and study the fire regarding distribution of temperature, thermal radiation, the concentration field and the changes of death rate caused by smoke, to further investigate whether it is possible to reduce the range of hazards, fire risk factors and personnel refuge in a safe direction to ensure the safety of personnel escape refuge in the buildings and use different variables changes to explore the factors that affect fire and escape time, thus to be more effective to reduce fire hazards range in order to reduce human and property losses.
Known by the simulation results, it is sprinkler system that has better result to minimize fire hazard in terms of adding fire-fighting facilities, also we need to avoid over-decorated in public places and adopt flame retardant material as flameproof construction materials in order to prevent fire in the first place.
The results of this study can be reference material for relevant units as a general building fire safety design and related fire-fighting facilities, and the analysis results can be offered to fire protection engineering as reference.

並列關鍵字

Fire ； FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)

參考文獻

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